Children and adults of all ages love sparklers, in this simple guide we'll go over how to make them!
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
1
Pour all the dry ingredients into a large container. Mix in dextrin solution until you get a moist, sloppy solution. If you’d like a green color add in 4 tbsp barium nitrate.
2
Dip iron wires into your mixture. You’ll need to leave a few inches of space at the bottom clean so you have room to safely hold the sparkler !
3
Put the sparklers in a dry place away from heat or open flames. They need to spend some time drying and hardening to the wire.
4
Once dry, simply light the top end of the sparkler and let the sparks fly! Remember to always safely handle fireworks and check local firework laws before making or using fireworks.
campusflava
Saturday, August 3, 2013
How to Make Soda Can Targets
Weapon
accuracy is important, but normal targets can be boring. Read on to
learn how to make targets that are awesome fun to practise on for cheap.
The best of all is that these targets can even "bleed".
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
- 1Bend the tab on the soda can so that it faces up. This gives you something to tie the fishing line around so you can hang the cans.
- 2Tie fishing line from the tab to another object for it to hang. If you can't find a place to hang the can, try setting it on the edge of a fence.
- 3Fill the can with liquid. This can be water or fake blood.
- 4Finished.
- You could purchase posts for hanging flowers to hang these from.
- Be careful with faux blood, as it may stain clothes.
- Tie multiple knots so the can doesn't fall while pouring.
Warnings
Things You'll Need
- Soda cans
- Fishing line (optional)
- Water or fake blood
How to Make Snow
All of us who lives in Florida or Arizona wishes for snow. Now you can have some! There are two crazy ways to make snow in this guide.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
1
Get a water bottle. Buy a cheap water bottle (With water in it) from a gas station or Walmart.
2
Freeze it. Freeze the bottle in your freezer for at least an hour. If not, the max is 3 or 4 hours.
3
Chop the bottle part off. Take a large knife and cut the bottom part of the plastic bottle off.
4
Take a smaller knife. Then start chopping the ice off fast! Over and over! Suddenly, there's snow all around you!!
5
SECOND WAY
6
Get out your snow cone machine. Use it and make lots and lots of ice.
7
Put all of it in a bucket. Put all the hand made ice in a medium bucket.
8
Put it in the freezer. You don't want it to melt while your preparing!
9
Climb the roof! It sounds crazy, but that's how you do it!
10
Hand the person on the roof the bucket. Try not to let it melt.
11
Tell the person to start throwing! Stand close the roof and the person will throw snow at you!
12
Awesome right?
Tips
The more the snow, the better!
Be careful when chopping ice.
Wear a light coat.
Be careful when climbing roof.
Make 3 buckets to have a lot of fun.
Make sure it doesn't melt. You will have to do it all over again!
make sure you have gloves on so that your fingers wont freeze!
Warnings
Don't fall off the roof.
Don't chop your fingers off!
Have a grown-up around at all times
Avoid scams when buying water.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
1
Get a water bottle. Buy a cheap water bottle (With water in it) from a gas station or Walmart.
2
Freeze it. Freeze the bottle in your freezer for at least an hour. If not, the max is 3 or 4 hours.
3
Chop the bottle part off. Take a large knife and cut the bottom part of the plastic bottle off.
4
Take a smaller knife. Then start chopping the ice off fast! Over and over! Suddenly, there's snow all around you!!
5
SECOND WAY
6
Get out your snow cone machine. Use it and make lots and lots of ice.
7
Put all of it in a bucket. Put all the hand made ice in a medium bucket.
8
Put it in the freezer. You don't want it to melt while your preparing!
9
Climb the roof! It sounds crazy, but that's how you do it!
10
Hand the person on the roof the bucket. Try not to let it melt.
11
Tell the person to start throwing! Stand close the roof and the person will throw snow at you!
12
Awesome right?
Tips
The more the snow, the better!
Be careful when chopping ice.
Wear a light coat.
Be careful when climbing roof.
Make 3 buckets to have a lot of fun.
Make sure it doesn't melt. You will have to do it all over again!
make sure you have gloves on so that your fingers wont freeze!
Warnings
Don't fall off the roof.
Don't chop your fingers off!
Have a grown-up around at all times
Avoid scams when buying water.
How to Make Rings for Valentine
Are you
ever entangled with what is given to your wife in Valentine Day? Flowers
may be your regular chosen gifts. How about changing new valentine
craft ideas? I recommend you a tutorial about how to make valentine
crafts with my pleasure.Many valentine crafts ideas are flashing to my
mind. Yet the DIY ring made of braid trims is what I think the best.
Following I will give the instructions of how to make valentine crafts
to help you out.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
- 1Sew a line along one side of the rope. Cut two braid trims; nip one ends of the trims with a clip; twine them together. Use a sewing machine to sew apparent line along one side of the trims.
strong>Sew a line along one side of the rope.
- 2The ending work. Take off the clip; roll up the trims to the end as a flower shape. Sew the end; unfold the outermost piece; combine the flower and the ring by sewing.
- Braid trims
- Sewing threads
- Sewing machine
- Clip
- Ring
How to Make Real Fairy Dust
Need some fairy dust for those "special effects"? Here's how to make some simple fairy dust.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Ingredients
Steps
- 1Pour confectioner's sugar into a brightly colored bowl.
- 2Mix with regular sugar.
- 3Add one drop of food coloring.
- 4You have made fairy dust! Dip strawberries in it for a tasty treat!
Warnings
- Don't put your fairy dust in someone's face!
- Don't let it get in someone's eye.
- Don't let it get into the hands of babies.
- A bowl
- Glitter(if you want)
How to Make Ombré Jewelry
You can
buy Ombré Jewelry online, but that can get expensive. In this article,
you will lean an easy, inexpensive way to make Ombré jewelry.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Steps
- 1Gather your supplies. You will need a make-up sponge, 2 shades of nail polish and a flat, silver piece of jewellery.
- 2Lay down a piece of paper/newspaper/tablecloth. Place the jewelry on this.
- 3Apply some of the lighter shade of polish onto a makeup sponge. If the polish is quick dry, dab off any excess.
- 4Dab the top half of the jewelry with the sponge that has polish on it. Be sure to cover the whole top half.
- 5Apply the darker shade of polish to another sponge.
- 6Dab this on the lower half. Be sure to blend it with the lighter color.
- 7After the darker color has dried, go back and dab on more of the same color on the bottom. The pattern should be dark, medium, light.
- 8Let the polish dry and enjoy your ombré jewelry!
- If the polish you want to use is chunky, add a bit of nail polish remover to the nail polish.
- If you use quick dry, dab some off before applying.
Things You'll Need
- 2 shades of nail polish (one light, one dark)
- Paper/tablecloth/newspaper
- Piece of silver colored flat jewelry
- Makeup sponge
Friday, August 2, 2013
University of Zululand
The University of Zululand (also known as Unizulu) has been designated to serve as the only comprehensive tertiary educational institution north of the Tugela River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Its new status is in accordance with South Africa's National Plan for Higher Education aimed at eradicating inequity and costly duplication. As a result, Unizulu offers career-focused programmes as well as a limited number of relevant university degree courses that have been structured with potential employees and employers in mind.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The university has extended its existing links with a wide array of tertiary educational institutions in the United States and in Europe by establishing partnerships with the University of Mississippi, Radford University, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and Chicago State University. Unizulu pursues an agenda for scholarly investigation in response to social problems, with community service being systematically integrated into the formal curriculum. The University strives to produce graduates with high-level knowledge and skills and who have been educated for citizenship and for active participation in society. In order to do so effectively, it seeks to cultivate relationships with funding agencies at home and abroad.
History
The University of Zululand was first established in 1960 as the University College of Zululand with only 41 students, 75 percent male and 25 percent female. As a constituent college affiliated to the University of South Africa, it initially catered mainly for the Zulu and Swazi groups.
In 1970 the college was granted University status. Since then the University has continued to expand and has experienced an increased intake of students from other parts of Africa, especially from Botswana, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
In 1982 the University of Zululand Foundation, administered by a board of Governors, was established to administer the University's fundraising and investment operations.
In 1984 the University Council was granted autonomy with regard to practically all matters relating to the disbursement of the annual subsidy, provision of facilities and the employment of staff.
In 2002 this rural-based institution was declared a comprehensive institution offering both traditional degrees and career-focused programmes.[2] In 2005 the former six Faculties ( Arts; Education; Science & Agriculture; Law, Commerce & Administration; and Theology & Religion Studies) merge to become four Faculties, namely Arts; Commerce, Administration & Law; Education; and Science & Agriculture.
In 2006 the existing Information Technology infrastructure was replaced by a R32,9 million state-of-the art system. And the building of the new student residences for occupancy in 2008 commences.
Controversy
In 2007, the SRC led South African Students Congress introduced new lecture visual aids in lecture halls, however they destroyed some during protests regarding a backlog in student politics.
In 2009 a dispute over the SRC elections between the Inkatha Freedom Party-aligned South African Democratic Students Movement Sadesmo and the ANC-aligned South African Students Congress Sasco a lecture hall was burned down and several buildings were damaged.
Campus
The main Campus is situated in Kwadlangezwa, 19 km south of Empangeni and about 142 km north of Durban off the N2 National Road on the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast. Empangeni is the nearest town.
Satellite campuses
The Faculty of Law, Commerce and Administration offers classes in business Economics at Ulundi as well as Richards Bay, while other faculties such as Education also have off-campus centers at Ulundi, Vryheid, Mkuze and Piet-Retief. The Department of Theology and Religion Studies co-operates with seven insttutions that are affiliated to the University and are located as far afield as Randburg, Benoni and Mitchells Plain in the Western Cape.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The university has extended its existing links with a wide array of tertiary educational institutions in the United States and in Europe by establishing partnerships with the University of Mississippi, Radford University, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and Chicago State University. Unizulu pursues an agenda for scholarly investigation in response to social problems, with community service being systematically integrated into the formal curriculum. The University strives to produce graduates with high-level knowledge and skills and who have been educated for citizenship and for active participation in society. In order to do so effectively, it seeks to cultivate relationships with funding agencies at home and abroad.
History
The University of Zululand was first established in 1960 as the University College of Zululand with only 41 students, 75 percent male and 25 percent female. As a constituent college affiliated to the University of South Africa, it initially catered mainly for the Zulu and Swazi groups.
In 1970 the college was granted University status. Since then the University has continued to expand and has experienced an increased intake of students from other parts of Africa, especially from Botswana, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
In 1982 the University of Zululand Foundation, administered by a board of Governors, was established to administer the University's fundraising and investment operations.
In 1984 the University Council was granted autonomy with regard to practically all matters relating to the disbursement of the annual subsidy, provision of facilities and the employment of staff.
In 2002 this rural-based institution was declared a comprehensive institution offering both traditional degrees and career-focused programmes.[2] In 2005 the former six Faculties ( Arts; Education; Science & Agriculture; Law, Commerce & Administration; and Theology & Religion Studies) merge to become four Faculties, namely Arts; Commerce, Administration & Law; Education; and Science & Agriculture.
In 2006 the existing Information Technology infrastructure was replaced by a R32,9 million state-of-the art system. And the building of the new student residences for occupancy in 2008 commences.
Controversy
In 2007, the SRC led South African Students Congress introduced new lecture visual aids in lecture halls, however they destroyed some during protests regarding a backlog in student politics.
In 2009 a dispute over the SRC elections between the Inkatha Freedom Party-aligned South African Democratic Students Movement Sadesmo and the ANC-aligned South African Students Congress Sasco a lecture hall was burned down and several buildings were damaged.
Campus
The main Campus is situated in Kwadlangezwa, 19 km south of Empangeni and about 142 km north of Durban off the N2 National Road on the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast. Empangeni is the nearest town.
Satellite campuses
The Faculty of Law, Commerce and Administration offers classes in business Economics at Ulundi as well as Richards Bay, while other faculties such as Education also have off-campus centers at Ulundi, Vryheid, Mkuze and Piet-Retief. The Department of Theology and Religion Studies co-operates with seven insttutions that are affiliated to the University and are located as far afield as Randburg, Benoni and Mitchells Plain in the Western Cape.
University of Venda
The University of Venda (Univen) is a South African university, located in Thohoyandou in Limpopo province.
History
It was established in 1982 to serve the inhabitants of the Venda bantustan, However, the student body at Univen never consisted of Venda students only, student from all over the Northern Transvaal attended the Institution. After the end of apartheid and the re-integration of the bantustans into South Africa, Univen student body were drawn from all over South Africa. With the South African government's programme of tertiary education reform in the new millennium, Univen became a "comprehensive university", offering both theoretically oriented and practically oriented courses.
Student Enrolment
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The University of Venda had 10,968 full-time contact students in 2008 (actual data). There were no distance students enrolled and no part-time learning was on offer.
University of South Africa
The University of South Africa (Unisa, pronounced you-nee-sah) is the largest university on the African continent and attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa. The university has a student headcount of over 300,000 students, including African and international students in 130 countries worldwide, making it one of the world's mega universities.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Unisa is a dedicated open distance education institution. Open distance learning (ODL) entails a student-centred approach that gives students flexibility and choice over what, when, where, and how they learn, and provides them with extensive student support.
As a comprehensive university, Unisa offers both vocational and academic programmes, many of which have received international accreditation, as well as an extensive geographical footprint, giving their students recognition and employability in many countries the world over.
History
Founded in 1873 as the University of the Cape of Good Hope, the University of South Africa (or Unisa as it is commonly known) spent most of its early history as an examining agency for Oxford and Cambridge universities and as an incubator from which most other universities in South Africa are descended. In 1946, it was given a new role as a distance education university and today it offers certificate, diploma and degree courses up to doctoral level.
Largely because it was a distance education university, it remained multiracial during the years of apartheid in South Africa. In January 2004, Unisa merged with Technikon Southern Africa (formerly known as Technikon SA) and incorporated the distance education component of Vista University. The combined institution retained the name University of South Africa, unlike other merged institutions, which underwent name changes. It is now organised by college and by school; see below.
The University
Unisa Muckleneuk campus at night
Location
Unisa's Muckleneuk Campus is located in Pretoria and is a major landmark of the capital city. It was in 1972 that Unisa moved into its new home on Muckleneuk Ridge having vacated the old quarters in central Pretoria. The complex of buildings was designed by Bryan Sandrock Architects in the 1960s and expresses an international style characterised by monumental proportions and engineering feats like the cantilevered structures. The most striking feature is the long projection from the brow of the hill, supported by a giant steel girder resting on a massive column.
Also in Pretoria is the Sunnyside campus, the main area of student activity. The Florida campus in Johannesburg is set to become Unisa's science hub. The College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences and some departments of the College of Science, Engineering and Technology are already situated there.
The university has seven regional centres in South Africa, servicing students in all nine provinces. These are:
Eastern Cape (East London, Mthatha, Port Elizabeth)
Gauteng (Ekurhuleni, Florida, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Vaal Triangle)
Kwazulu-Natal (Durban, New Castle, Pietermaritzburg, Richards Bay, Wild Coast)
Limpopo (Giyani, Makhado, Polokwane)
Midlands (Bloemfontein, Kimberley, Kroonstad, Mafikeng, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg)
Mpumalanga (Middelburg, Nelspruit)
Western Cape (Cape Town, George)
Students and staff
According to the Department of Institutional Statistics and Analysis (DISA) at the university, Unisa had 328,179 students enrolled in 2011 from South Africa, Africa, and other international states. The largest portion of these students are South African, being 91.5% (300,211) of the sum of the student enrollments. The majority of these students enrolled at the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS), being 42.5% (139,358) of the sum of the student enrollments.
According to the same department, Unisa had 5,575 staff members in 2011. The majority of the staff employed are non-professional administrative staff, being 56.8% (3,164). The number of institutional/research professionals are 33.2% (1,846) of the sum of the staff employed.
Academic Community
As an Open Distance Learning (ODL) institution, and one of the world’s mega universities, Unisa presents academic offerings associated with both technological and traditional universities. These include, but are not limited to, a combination of career-orientated courses usually associated with a university of technology, and formative academic programmes typically linked to a traditional university.
College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences
College of Education
College of Economic and Management Sciences
College of Graduate Studies
College of Human Sciences
College of Law
College of Science, Engineering and Technology
Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL)
In addition to the seven colleges and SBL, Unisa has numerous Bureaus, Centres, Institutes, Museums and Units supporting academic development and research.
Distance education at Unisa
Accreditation
Unisa received a Royal Charter in 1877. It currently operates under the Statute of the University of South Africa issued in terms of the Higher Education Act (No. 101 of 1997), and is accredited by the South African Department of Education and the Council on Higher Education (CHE). Its qualifications (including those of the SBL) are registered with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA).
International Accreditation of Unisa’s qualifications
Unisa is inter alia listed in the following publications: International Handbook of Universities published by the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and officially verified by the International Association of Universities.
In other cases the publication of an institution’s name in specific authoritative publications forms the basis of accreditation. Students must however enquire from the specific foreign country/university whether Unisa’s qualifications are accredited/recognised.
Internationally, Unisa is listed in the Commonwealth Universities Handbook of 1999 and also in the International Handbook of Universities of 1998.
On 12 January 2002, Unisa was granted full institutional accreditation from the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC). The accreditation lapsed in March 2007, and Unisa did not pursue renewal.
Entrance requirements
Students need a school-leaving qualification that would entitle them to enter a university or college in their own country.
Advantages
Market research has shown that Unisa is rated as one of the top universities in South Africa (2001) - Unisa qualifications are sought after in the marketplace.
Courses are offered at one-quarter to one-third the price of residential universities;
Courses are accessible as students who do not have a university entrance matric can register for Unisa's access programme;
Courses are flexible, because students can plan their studies to fit into their lifestyles;
The qualifications are credible, because of the international recognition afforded its qualifications.
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) is a South African tertiary education institution with its main administration in the coastal city of Port Elizabeth. A merging of three institutions founded NMMU in January 2005 but its history dates back to 1882 with the foundation of the Port Elizabeth Art School. The University draws international students from all over the world. There are over 3000 international students and include students from the United States, France, China, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and many African countries.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
NMMU is a comprehensive university offering professional and vocational training. The University has six campuses – five in Port Elizabeth and one in George. The main campus is the South Campus. Students at NMMU can study towards diplomas and degrees up to and including doctoral level qualifications. A number of courses include workplace experience as part of the curriculum.
History, formation and campus developments
NMMU was formed through the merger of the PE Technikon, which had its roots in the Port Elizabeth Art School founded in 1882 (the oldest art school in South Africa), the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE) the country's first dual-medium (English and Afrikaans) residential university and the Port Elizabeth Campus of Vista University.
Built on 830 ha of land donated by the then Port Elizabeth City Council, the campus was declared a nature reserve in 1983. It is the only university in South Africa to be situated on a nature reserve and the only university to offer game drives on its campus. The South, North and Second Avenue campuses are all situated close to the beach. The university's George campus was originally the Saasveld Forestry College, which was acquired by PE Technikon, before the subsequent merger to create NMMU.
NMMU's campuses are:
South Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
North Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
2nd Avenue Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
Missionvale Campus, Uitenhage Road
Bird Street Campus, Central, Port Elizabeth
George Campus, George (Southern Cape)
Faculties
NMMU has the following faculties:
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Science
NMMU Business School
Sports
Athletics: The NMMU Stadium has an athletics track.
Basketball: The NMMU basketball club has an arena, with approximately 5000 seats, in indoor centre, located on the Missionvale Campus.
Cricket: The NMMU cricket club has produced cricketer Ashwell Prince and Wayne Parnell. It has a cricket field located at the Summerstrand South Campus and at the 2nd Avenue Campus. See also Chevrolet Warriors.
Golf: The University is situated right next to Humewood Golf Club (though located in Summerstrand). NMMU students get special incentives at the Humewood Golf Club, if they are registered with the NMMU Golf Club.[citation needed]
Hockey: The University's North Campus has an Astro turf hockey pitch, with flood-lights.
Netball: The 2nd Avenue campus has netball courts.
Rugby: Rugby is a major sport at NMMU. NMMU participates in the FNB Varsity Cup, a rugby competition for the top-8 South African rugby playing Universities.
Soccer: The Xerox NMMU Sports Stadium is the home to NMMU F.C.. The stadium was used as a training venue during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[1] Residence soccer leagues exist.
Tennis: The NMMU Tennis club has tennis courts located on all campuses. On the South Campus, there are 14 tennis courts at the tennis complex.
Other sports:
Indoor sports include: aerobics, underwater hockey, body-building (NMMU has an on campus gym and its own Biokinetics & Sport Science Unit/Centre), indoor swimming, boxing, chess, dance, judo, karate, squash and table tennis.
Outdoor sports include: surfing, bodyboarding, hiking, rowing, softball, swimming, volleyball, badminton, archery and horse-racing
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
NMMU is a comprehensive university offering professional and vocational training. The University has six campuses – five in Port Elizabeth and one in George. The main campus is the South Campus. Students at NMMU can study towards diplomas and degrees up to and including doctoral level qualifications. A number of courses include workplace experience as part of the curriculum.
History, formation and campus developments
NMMU was formed through the merger of the PE Technikon, which had its roots in the Port Elizabeth Art School founded in 1882 (the oldest art school in South Africa), the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE) the country's first dual-medium (English and Afrikaans) residential university and the Port Elizabeth Campus of Vista University.
Built on 830 ha of land donated by the then Port Elizabeth City Council, the campus was declared a nature reserve in 1983. It is the only university in South Africa to be situated on a nature reserve and the only university to offer game drives on its campus. The South, North and Second Avenue campuses are all situated close to the beach. The university's George campus was originally the Saasveld Forestry College, which was acquired by PE Technikon, before the subsequent merger to create NMMU.
NMMU's campuses are:
South Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
North Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
2nd Avenue Campus, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth
Missionvale Campus, Uitenhage Road
Bird Street Campus, Central, Port Elizabeth
George Campus, George (Southern Cape)
Faculties
NMMU has the following faculties:
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Science
NMMU Business School
Sports
Athletics: The NMMU Stadium has an athletics track.
Basketball: The NMMU basketball club has an arena, with approximately 5000 seats, in indoor centre, located on the Missionvale Campus.
Cricket: The NMMU cricket club has produced cricketer Ashwell Prince and Wayne Parnell. It has a cricket field located at the Summerstrand South Campus and at the 2nd Avenue Campus. See also Chevrolet Warriors.
Golf: The University is situated right next to Humewood Golf Club (though located in Summerstrand). NMMU students get special incentives at the Humewood Golf Club, if they are registered with the NMMU Golf Club.[citation needed]
Hockey: The University's North Campus has an Astro turf hockey pitch, with flood-lights.
Netball: The 2nd Avenue campus has netball courts.
Rugby: Rugby is a major sport at NMMU. NMMU participates in the FNB Varsity Cup, a rugby competition for the top-8 South African rugby playing Universities.
Soccer: The Xerox NMMU Sports Stadium is the home to NMMU F.C.. The stadium was used as a training venue during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[1] Residence soccer leagues exist.
Tennis: The NMMU Tennis club has tennis courts located on all campuses. On the South Campus, there are 14 tennis courts at the tennis complex.
Other sports:
Indoor sports include: aerobics, underwater hockey, body-building (NMMU has an on campus gym and its own Biokinetics & Sport Science Unit/Centre), indoor swimming, boxing, chess, dance, judo, karate, squash and table tennis.
Outdoor sports include: surfing, bodyboarding, hiking, rowing, softball, swimming, volleyball, badminton, archery and horse-racing
University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg (Johannesburg, South Africa) known colloquially as "UJ" came into existence on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU). Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of the former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of the university from the previously recognised Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is not uncommon for alumni to still refer to the university incorrectly as RAU. The newly emerged institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa, with nine faculties having more than 90 departments, and an enrollment of approximately 48,000 students, spread over four different campuses. The university is one of the largest residential universities in the Republic of South Africa.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The Technikon of the Witwatersrand was established in 1925. The Rand Afrikaans University was established in 1967. Vista University was established in 1982.
Recent History
The University of Johannesburg, established on 1 January 2005, is the result of the incorporation of the East Rand and Soweto campuses of Vista University into the Rand Afrikaans University(RAU) (1 January 2004). The merger of the modified RAU and the Technikon Witwatersrand took place on 1 January 2005 thus creating the University of Johannesburg (UJ).
The incorporation and merger was part of a series of major programmes restructuring higher education in South Africa. The National Plan for Higher Education (2001) set in motion a major revamp of higher education institutions. Consequently there was a reduction of 36 universities and technikons into 23 higher education institutions. As a result South Africa now has 11 traditional universities, 5 universities of technology and 6 comprehensive institutions .
The resultant institution had as a priority to distinguish itself from its previous institutions as a new, adaptable and progressive institution. Early on it was decided that UJ did not want a Coat of Arms and Motto, as are custom with every other tertiary educational institution in South Africa. The administration decided rather to opt for a logo and 'brand identity'. An internal competition was held; where current students could put forward their proposals. In the interim, the previous motto of the Rand Afrikaans University "Diens Deur Kennis" (Afrikaans for Service Through Knowledge) was maintained.
The design of Joey Hifi was chosen as the official logo of the university. Present in the design are 2 hoopoes (upupa africana). The hoopoe is the official mascot of the UJ Sports Bureau. The Hoopoes are reflective of the "coming together" of two respective institutions (originally) and they form the outline or frame of a book, symbolic of education. The hoopoe is also symbolic of freedom, at various levels; personal and social, adaptability and change. The crowned feathers are symbolic of Africa, of which the university places great emphasis in representing. The University has issued a series of highly successful advertisements, which have resulted in critical acclaim.
Campuses
- APB, or the Bunting Road Campus Auckland Park (former TWR campus)
- APK, or the Kingsway Campus Auckland Park (former RAU campus)
- DFC, or the Doornfontein Campus (former TWR campus)
- SWC, or the Soweto Campus (former RAU campus, previously former Vista University Soweto campus)
University of the Witwatersrand
The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg is a multi-campus South African public research university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University. The university has its roots in the mining industry, as do Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand in general. Founded in 1896 as the South African School of Mines in Kimberley, it is the third oldest South African university in continuous operation, after the University of Cape Town (founded in 1829), and Stellenbosch University (founded in 1866).
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
In 1959, the Extension of University Education Act forced restricted registrations of black students for most of the apartheid era; despite this, several notable black leaders graduated from the university. It became desegregated once again prior to the abolition of apartheid in 1990. Several of apartheid's most provocative critics, of either European or African descent, were one-time students and graduates of the university.
The university has an enrolment of 27,934 students as of 2010, of which approximately 4,566 live on campus in the university's 18 residences. As of 2010, 67.7% of the university's total enrolment is for undergraduate study, with the remaining 32.3% being postgraduate.
The early years: 1896–1922
The university was founded in Kimberley in 1896 as the South African School of Mines. Eight years later, in 1904, the school was moved to Johannesburg and renamed the Transvaal Technical Institute. The school's name changed yet again in 1906 to Transvaal University College. In 1908, a new campus of the Transvaal University College was established in Pretoria. The Johannesburg and Pretoria campuses separated on 17 May 1910, each becoming a separate institution. The Johannesburg campus was reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Technology, while the Pretoria campus remained the Transvaal University College until 1930 when it became the University of Pretoria. In 1920, the school was renamed the University College, Johannesburg.
The open years: 1922–1959
Finally, on 1 March 1922, the University College, Johannesburg, was granted full university status after being incorporated as the University of the Witwatersrand. The Johannesburg municipality donated a site in Milner Park, north-west of Braamfontein, to the new institution as its campus and construction began the same year, on 4 October. The first Chancellor of the new university was Prince Arthur of Connaught and the first Principal (a position that would be merged with that of Vice-Chancellor in 1948) was Professor Jan Hofmeyr[10] Hofmeyr set the tone of the university's subsequent opposition to apartheid when, during his inaugural address as Principal he declared, while discussing the nature of a university and its desired function in a democracy, that universities "should know no distinctions of class, wealth, race or creed". True to Hofmeyr's words, from the outset Wits was an open university with a policy of non-discrimination on racial or any other grounds.
Initially, there were six faculties—Arts, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Law and Commerce—37 departments, 73 academic staff, and approximately 1,000 students. In 1923, the university began moving into the new campus, slowly vacating its former premises on Ellof Street for the first completed building in Milner Park: the Botany and Zoology Block. In 1925, the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII) officially opened Central Block (which includes the Great Hall).
The university's first library, housed at the time in what was meant to be a temporary construction, was destroyed in a fire on Christmas Eve in 1931. Following this, an appeal was made to the public for ₤80,000 to pay for the construction of a new library, and the acquisition of books. This resulted in the fairly rapid construction of the William Cullen Library; completed in 1935. During this period, as the Great Depression hit South Africa, the university was faced with severe financial restrictions. Nonetheless, it continued to grow at an impressive rate. From a total enrolment of 2,544 students in 1939, the university grew to 3,100 in 1945. This growth led to accommodation problems, which were temporarily resolved by the construction of wood and galvanised-iron huts in the centre of the campus (which remained in use until 1972).
During World War II, Wits was involved in South Africa's war efforts. The Bernard Price Institute of Geophysical Research was placed under the Union of South Africa's defence ministry, and was involved in important research into the use of radar. Additionally, an elite force of female soldiers was trained on the university's campus.
In 1948 the National Party (NP) was voted into power by South Africa's white electorate on a platform of "apartheid" (Afrikaans for "separateness"). The NP's aim was to create an artificial white majority in most of South Africa by depriving the black majority of their citizenship, making them citizens of the "homelands" associated with their ethnic groups instead. These were, in theory, "self-governing", and in four cases were later granted "independence". But in reality, their lack of economic infrastructure left even the supposedly independent homelands as little more than South African puppet states. This policy of "grand apartheid" was accompanied by the extension of racially discriminatory measures within so-called "white South Africa", including the segregation of universities. Wits initially managed to remain an open institution, but by 1956 the NP government began to seriously push for the full implementation of university apartheid.[14] In response, in 1957, Wits, the University of Cape Town, Rhodes University and the University of Natal issued a joint statement entitled "The Open Universities in South Africa", committing themselves to the principles of university autonomy and academic freedom.
In 1959, the apartheid government passed the Extension of University Education Act, which achieved the enforcement of university apartheid. Wits protested strongly and continued to maintain a firm and consistent stand in opposition to apartheid. This marked the beginning of a period of conflict with the apartheid regime, which also coincided with a period of massive growth for the university.
East Campus as seen from the north of the campus. Senate House and the high-rise buildings of Braamfontein are visible in the background.
Growth and opposition to apartheid: 1959–1994
As the university continued to grow (from a mere 6,275 students in 1963, to 10,600 in 1975, to over 16,400 by 1985), the expansion of the university's campus became imperative. In 1964, the medical library and administrative offices of the Faculty of Medicine moved to Esselen Street, in the Hillbrow district of Johannesburg. In 1968, the Graduate School of Business was opened in Parktown. A year later, the Ernest Oppenheimer Hall of Residence and Savernake, the new residence of the Vice-Chancellor (replacing Hofmeyr House on the main campus) were both established, also in Parktown. That same year, the Medical School's new clinical departments were opened.
During the course of the 1960s, Wits acquired a limestone cave renowned for its archaeological material located at Sterkfontein. A farm next to Sterkfontein named Swartkrans rich in archaeological material was purchased in 1968, and excavation rights were obtained for archaeological and palaeontological purposes at Makapansgat, located in Limpopo Province.
The 1960s also witnessed widespread protest against apartheid policies. This resulted in numerous police invasions of campus to break up peaceful protests, as well as the banning, deportation and detention of many students and staff. Government funding for the university was cut, with funds originally meant for Wits often being channelled to the more conservative Afrikaans universities instead. Nonetheless, in the words of Clive Chipkin, the "university environment was filled with deep contradictions", and the university community was by no means wholly united in opposition to apartheid. This stemmed from the Wits Council being dominated by "highly conservative members representing mining and financial interests", and was compounded by the fact that the mining industry provided major financial support for the university. With a strongly entrenched "[c]olonial mentality" at Wits, along with "high capitalism, the new liberalism and communism of a South African kind, combined with entrenched white settler mores (particularly in the Engineering and Science faculties) ... the university ... was an arena of conflicting positions generally contained within polite academic conventions".
“ The University of the Witwatersrand is dedicated to the acquisition, advancement and imparting of knowledge through the pursuit of truth in free and open debate, in the undertaking of research, in scholarly discourse and in balanced, dispassionate teaching. We reject any external interference designed to diminish our freedom to attain these ends. We record our solemn protest against the intention of the Government, through the threat of financial sanctions, to force the University to become the agent of Government policy in disciplining its members. We protest against the invasion of the legitimate authority of the University. We protest against the proposed stifling of legitimate dissent. In the interests of all in this land, and in the knowledge of the justice of our cause, we dedicate ourselves to unremitting opposition to these intended restraints and to the restoration of our autonomy. ”
— Plaque unveiled at the Wits General Assembly of 28 October 1987
The 1970s saw the construction of Jubilee Hall and the Wartenweiler Library, as well as the opening of the Tandem Accelerator; the first, and to date only, nuclear facility at a South African university. In 1976, Lawson's Corner in Braamfontein was acquired and renamed University Corner. Senate House, the university's main administrative building, was completed in 1977. The university underwent a significant expansion programme in the 1980s. The Medical School was moved to new premises on York Street in Parktown on 30 August 1982. Additionally, in 1984 the University acquired the Milner Park showgrounds from the Witwatersrand Agricultural Society. These became West Campus, with the original campus becoming East Campus. In 1984, the Chamber of Mines building opened. A large walkway named the Amic Deck was constructed across the De Villiers Graaff Motorway which bisects the campus, linking East Campus with West Campus.
The 1980s also witnessed a period of heightened opposition to apartheid, as the university struggled to maintain its autonomy in the face of attacks from the apartheid state. Wits looked anew to the "Open Universities" statement of 1957, to which the University of the Western Cape now also added its voice. As the apartheid government attempted, through the threat of financial sanctions, to bring Wits under firmer control, protest escalated culminating in the General Assembly of 28 October 1987, at which the university reiterated its commitment to the values underlying the "Open Universities" statement.
University management itself came under increasing grassroots pressure to implement change within the university. A Wits-initiated research project, Perspectives of Wits (POW), published in 1986, revealed a surprising disconnect between the perceptions disadvantaged communities had of Wits and the image Wits had been attempting to convey of itself as a progressive opponent of apartheid. POW, which had involved interviews with members of organisations among disadvantaged communities in the PWV area, international academics, students and staff at Wits, and even a meeting with the then-banned ANC in Lusaka, revealed that to many in the surrounding disadvantaged communities, there was a perception of Wits as an elitist institution dominated by white interests. A need was identified for further transformation of the university.
However, instead of translating POW's proposals into institutional plans for transformation, Wits reacted in a defensive manner and refused to even acknowledge many of the criticisms that had been raised. Within the university community the perception was different—it was felt that Wits was on the right track. The contradiction between internal and external perceptions would increasingly undermine the unity of the university community, as progressive elements on campus began to take more radical positions in opposition to apartheid. Internal debates about, among other things, the international academic boycott of South Africa and the role of academics in the anti-apartheid struggle led to increasing division within the university. University management was increasingly seen as isolated and out of touch, and began to be referred to by the metonym "the eleventh floor", referring to the eleventh floor of Senate House where top management at Wits is located.
Nonetheless, the university community in general continued to uphold its opposition to apartheid and its commitment to university autonomy and academic freedom. The remainder of the 1980s saw numerous protests on campus, which often ended with police invasions of the university. In 1990, when Nelson Mandela was released, the students of Men's Res, on East Campus, unofficially renamed the lawn outside their residence "Mandela Square".
Post-apartheid: 1994–present
On 25 February 2000, university management began implementing a policy called "Wits 2001" whereby 623 building care, catering, cleaning, grounds, maintenance, and transport workers employed by the University were retrenched, with their jobs being outsourced to sub-contracting companies. There was also a restructuring of academic departments; the university's nine faculties were reduced to five, the university's 99 departments were merged into 40 schools, and courses that were deemed redundant following a mass review were cancelled. Another wave of retrenchments, affecting academic and administrative staff was also implemented as part of Wits 2001. Wits management did, however, initiate programmes to ameliorate some of the negative effects of Wits 2001. These included the implementation of early retirement and voluntary severance packages to minimise retrenchments. Additionally, many of the affected employees' children were studying at Wits at the time, and received bursaries as part of their parents' employment contracts with Wits. The university therefore continued to offer bursaries to them until the completion of the degrees for which they were then enrolled, as well as offering bursaies to the children of affected employees who matriculated in 2000.
Wits 2001 attracted widespread criticism from the workers and staff affected, as well as from students and other staff. The arguments behind the restructuring were criticised as badly reasoned, and the policy itself was criticised as being regressive and neoliberal. The then-vice-chancellor, Professor Colin Bundy, said in defence of Wits 2001 that "[t]his fundamental reorganisation of both academic activities and support services will equip the university for the challenges of higher education in the 21st Century". Management issued a statement on 30 May 2000 responding to criticism of Wits 2001 from the National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU), the largest trade union among Wits employees, in which it defended Wits 2001 as constituting the "outsourcing [of] contracts for certain non-core functions, rather than any shift in ownership relations or governance" contra NEHAWU's claims that it constituted privatisation. Management further defended the changes as "improving the financial sustainability of Wits, taking pressure off management and students, and allowing for better academic and support facilities and services". Along with "Igoli 2002" in Johannesburg, Wits 2001 was one of the policies implemented in the early 2000s which resulted in the formation of the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF).
In 2002, the Johannesburg College of Education was incorporated into the university as Wits Education Campus under the national Department of Education's plan to reform tertiary education in South Africa.[15] In 2003, a student mall, called the Matrix, was opened in the Student Union Building on East Campus.
In 2010, an organisation of workers, staff and students called the Wits Workers' Solidarity Committee (WWSC) was formed to support a worker-initiated campaign against a senior manager, named Ian Armitage, at the Property, Infrastructure and Maintenance Department (PIMD), the division of university management responsible for dealing with outsourced workers on campus, who was accused of threatening workers with violence and hurling racial abuse at them. Under pressure from the WWSC, management agreed to give Armitage a disciplinary hearing, shortly before which he resigned. The WWSC then broadened its campaign to oppose outsourcing on campus in general. In a report on racism at Wits released in October 2011, the WWSC claims that outsourcing reproduces the apartheid legacy at Wits and that some of the restrictive measures that had been put in place against workers constituted segregation. Wits management has since promised an investigation into the allegations made by the WWSC's report.
The badge of the South African School of Mines.
Coat of arms
The current coat of arms of the university was designed by Professor G. E. Pearse, and edited by Professor W. D. Howie to correct heraldic inaccuracies, before being accepted by the State Herald of South Africa in 1972. The design of the coat of arms incorporates a gold background in the upper section of the shield to represent the Witwatersrand gold fields – on which the mining industry that gave rise to the university is based – along with an open book superimposed upon a cogwheel, representing knowledge and industry. The silver wavy bars on the lower section of the shield represent the Vaal and Limpopo rivers which form the northern and southern borders of the Witwatersrand gold fields. Above the shield is the head of a Kudu, an antelope typical of the Witwatersrand and the university's mascot. The university's motto, "Scientia et Labore", meaning "Through Knowledge and Work" in Latin, appears just below the shield.
The university's coat of arms evolved from the badge of the South African School of Mines. This badge consisted of a diamond with a shield superimposed upon it. A prospector's pick and a sledge hammer overlaid with broken ore and a mill appeared on the shield. The South African School of Mine's motto was the same as the university's current one, and surrounded the shield.
Governance and administration
Senate House, to the left, is home to the University's Senate, Council, and management.
As set out in the Higher Education Act (Act No. 101 of 1997) and in the Statute of the University of the Witwatersrand, the university is governed by Council. The Chancellor of the university is the ceremonial head of the University who, in the name of the university, confers all degrees. The positions of Principal and Vice-Chancellor are merged, with the Vice-Chancellor responsible for the day-to-day running of the university and accountable to Council. Council is responsible for the selection of all Vice-Chancellors, Deputy Vice-Chancellors and Deans of Faculty.
The responsibility for regulating all teaching, research and academic functions of the university falls on Senate. Additionally, the interests of the university's students are represented by the Students' Representative Council (SRC), which also selects representatives to Senate and Council.
Campuses
West Campus Village, a student residence located to the west of the Gavin Reilly Green.
Main article: Campuses of the University of the Witwatersrand
The university is divided into five academic campuses. The main administrative campus is East Campus. Across the De Villiers Graaff Motorway lies West Campus. The two are joined by a brick-paved walkway across the highway called the Amic Deck. East and West Campus effectively form a single campus, bordered by Empire Road to the north, Jan Smuts Avenue to the east, Jorrissen Street and Enoch Sontonga Road to the south and Annet Road to the west. The historic East Campus is primarily the home of the faculties of Science and Humanities, as well as the University Council, Senate and management. West Campus houses the faculties of Engineering and the Built Environment, and Commerce, Law and Management. East Campus is home to four residences, namely Men's Res (male), Sunnyside (female), International House (mixed) and Jubilee Hall (female). West Campus is home to the Barnato and David Webster Halls and West Campus Village (all mixed).
Wits has three more academic campuses, all located in Parktown. Wits Education Campus (WEC) houses the school of education, within the Faculty of Humanities. WEC boasts three female residences, forming the Highfield cluster, namely Girton, Medhurst and Reith Hall. East of WEC (across York Road), lies Wits Medical Campus which is the administration and academic centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences. West of WEC (across Victoria Avenue) lies the Wits Management Campus, with the Wits Business School. Within the Wits Management Campus are the Ernest Oppenheimer Hall (male residence) and the mixed Parktown Village.
There are centres that are not academic although referred to by the university as campuses. These are Graduate Lodge, Campus Lodge, South Court and Braamfontein Centre; all in the city district of Braamfontein and all mixed gender. Furthermore there is the Wits Junction (mixed) and the Knockando Halls of Residence (a male residence located on the grounds of a Parktown mansion called Northwards) in Parktown, and the mixed Esselen Street Residence in Hillbrow.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
In 1959, the Extension of University Education Act forced restricted registrations of black students for most of the apartheid era; despite this, several notable black leaders graduated from the university. It became desegregated once again prior to the abolition of apartheid in 1990. Several of apartheid's most provocative critics, of either European or African descent, were one-time students and graduates of the university.
The university has an enrolment of 27,934 students as of 2010, of which approximately 4,566 live on campus in the university's 18 residences. As of 2010, 67.7% of the university's total enrolment is for undergraduate study, with the remaining 32.3% being postgraduate.
The early years: 1896–1922
The university was founded in Kimberley in 1896 as the South African School of Mines. Eight years later, in 1904, the school was moved to Johannesburg and renamed the Transvaal Technical Institute. The school's name changed yet again in 1906 to Transvaal University College. In 1908, a new campus of the Transvaal University College was established in Pretoria. The Johannesburg and Pretoria campuses separated on 17 May 1910, each becoming a separate institution. The Johannesburg campus was reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Technology, while the Pretoria campus remained the Transvaal University College until 1930 when it became the University of Pretoria. In 1920, the school was renamed the University College, Johannesburg.
The open years: 1922–1959
Finally, on 1 March 1922, the University College, Johannesburg, was granted full university status after being incorporated as the University of the Witwatersrand. The Johannesburg municipality donated a site in Milner Park, north-west of Braamfontein, to the new institution as its campus and construction began the same year, on 4 October. The first Chancellor of the new university was Prince Arthur of Connaught and the first Principal (a position that would be merged with that of Vice-Chancellor in 1948) was Professor Jan Hofmeyr[10] Hofmeyr set the tone of the university's subsequent opposition to apartheid when, during his inaugural address as Principal he declared, while discussing the nature of a university and its desired function in a democracy, that universities "should know no distinctions of class, wealth, race or creed". True to Hofmeyr's words, from the outset Wits was an open university with a policy of non-discrimination on racial or any other grounds.
Initially, there were six faculties—Arts, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Law and Commerce—37 departments, 73 academic staff, and approximately 1,000 students. In 1923, the university began moving into the new campus, slowly vacating its former premises on Ellof Street for the first completed building in Milner Park: the Botany and Zoology Block. In 1925, the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII) officially opened Central Block (which includes the Great Hall).
The university's first library, housed at the time in what was meant to be a temporary construction, was destroyed in a fire on Christmas Eve in 1931. Following this, an appeal was made to the public for ₤80,000 to pay for the construction of a new library, and the acquisition of books. This resulted in the fairly rapid construction of the William Cullen Library; completed in 1935. During this period, as the Great Depression hit South Africa, the university was faced with severe financial restrictions. Nonetheless, it continued to grow at an impressive rate. From a total enrolment of 2,544 students in 1939, the university grew to 3,100 in 1945. This growth led to accommodation problems, which were temporarily resolved by the construction of wood and galvanised-iron huts in the centre of the campus (which remained in use until 1972).
During World War II, Wits was involved in South Africa's war efforts. The Bernard Price Institute of Geophysical Research was placed under the Union of South Africa's defence ministry, and was involved in important research into the use of radar. Additionally, an elite force of female soldiers was trained on the university's campus.
In 1948 the National Party (NP) was voted into power by South Africa's white electorate on a platform of "apartheid" (Afrikaans for "separateness"). The NP's aim was to create an artificial white majority in most of South Africa by depriving the black majority of their citizenship, making them citizens of the "homelands" associated with their ethnic groups instead. These were, in theory, "self-governing", and in four cases were later granted "independence". But in reality, their lack of economic infrastructure left even the supposedly independent homelands as little more than South African puppet states. This policy of "grand apartheid" was accompanied by the extension of racially discriminatory measures within so-called "white South Africa", including the segregation of universities. Wits initially managed to remain an open institution, but by 1956 the NP government began to seriously push for the full implementation of university apartheid.[14] In response, in 1957, Wits, the University of Cape Town, Rhodes University and the University of Natal issued a joint statement entitled "The Open Universities in South Africa", committing themselves to the principles of university autonomy and academic freedom.
In 1959, the apartheid government passed the Extension of University Education Act, which achieved the enforcement of university apartheid. Wits protested strongly and continued to maintain a firm and consistent stand in opposition to apartheid. This marked the beginning of a period of conflict with the apartheid regime, which also coincided with a period of massive growth for the university.
East Campus as seen from the north of the campus. Senate House and the high-rise buildings of Braamfontein are visible in the background.
Growth and opposition to apartheid: 1959–1994
As the university continued to grow (from a mere 6,275 students in 1963, to 10,600 in 1975, to over 16,400 by 1985), the expansion of the university's campus became imperative. In 1964, the medical library and administrative offices of the Faculty of Medicine moved to Esselen Street, in the Hillbrow district of Johannesburg. In 1968, the Graduate School of Business was opened in Parktown. A year later, the Ernest Oppenheimer Hall of Residence and Savernake, the new residence of the Vice-Chancellor (replacing Hofmeyr House on the main campus) were both established, also in Parktown. That same year, the Medical School's new clinical departments were opened.
During the course of the 1960s, Wits acquired a limestone cave renowned for its archaeological material located at Sterkfontein. A farm next to Sterkfontein named Swartkrans rich in archaeological material was purchased in 1968, and excavation rights were obtained for archaeological and palaeontological purposes at Makapansgat, located in Limpopo Province.
The 1960s also witnessed widespread protest against apartheid policies. This resulted in numerous police invasions of campus to break up peaceful protests, as well as the banning, deportation and detention of many students and staff. Government funding for the university was cut, with funds originally meant for Wits often being channelled to the more conservative Afrikaans universities instead. Nonetheless, in the words of Clive Chipkin, the "university environment was filled with deep contradictions", and the university community was by no means wholly united in opposition to apartheid. This stemmed from the Wits Council being dominated by "highly conservative members representing mining and financial interests", and was compounded by the fact that the mining industry provided major financial support for the university. With a strongly entrenched "[c]olonial mentality" at Wits, along with "high capitalism, the new liberalism and communism of a South African kind, combined with entrenched white settler mores (particularly in the Engineering and Science faculties) ... the university ... was an arena of conflicting positions generally contained within polite academic conventions".
“ The University of the Witwatersrand is dedicated to the acquisition, advancement and imparting of knowledge through the pursuit of truth in free and open debate, in the undertaking of research, in scholarly discourse and in balanced, dispassionate teaching. We reject any external interference designed to diminish our freedom to attain these ends. We record our solemn protest against the intention of the Government, through the threat of financial sanctions, to force the University to become the agent of Government policy in disciplining its members. We protest against the invasion of the legitimate authority of the University. We protest against the proposed stifling of legitimate dissent. In the interests of all in this land, and in the knowledge of the justice of our cause, we dedicate ourselves to unremitting opposition to these intended restraints and to the restoration of our autonomy. ”
— Plaque unveiled at the Wits General Assembly of 28 October 1987
The 1970s saw the construction of Jubilee Hall and the Wartenweiler Library, as well as the opening of the Tandem Accelerator; the first, and to date only, nuclear facility at a South African university. In 1976, Lawson's Corner in Braamfontein was acquired and renamed University Corner. Senate House, the university's main administrative building, was completed in 1977. The university underwent a significant expansion programme in the 1980s. The Medical School was moved to new premises on York Street in Parktown on 30 August 1982. Additionally, in 1984 the University acquired the Milner Park showgrounds from the Witwatersrand Agricultural Society. These became West Campus, with the original campus becoming East Campus. In 1984, the Chamber of Mines building opened. A large walkway named the Amic Deck was constructed across the De Villiers Graaff Motorway which bisects the campus, linking East Campus with West Campus.
The 1980s also witnessed a period of heightened opposition to apartheid, as the university struggled to maintain its autonomy in the face of attacks from the apartheid state. Wits looked anew to the "Open Universities" statement of 1957, to which the University of the Western Cape now also added its voice. As the apartheid government attempted, through the threat of financial sanctions, to bring Wits under firmer control, protest escalated culminating in the General Assembly of 28 October 1987, at which the university reiterated its commitment to the values underlying the "Open Universities" statement.
University management itself came under increasing grassroots pressure to implement change within the university. A Wits-initiated research project, Perspectives of Wits (POW), published in 1986, revealed a surprising disconnect between the perceptions disadvantaged communities had of Wits and the image Wits had been attempting to convey of itself as a progressive opponent of apartheid. POW, which had involved interviews with members of organisations among disadvantaged communities in the PWV area, international academics, students and staff at Wits, and even a meeting with the then-banned ANC in Lusaka, revealed that to many in the surrounding disadvantaged communities, there was a perception of Wits as an elitist institution dominated by white interests. A need was identified for further transformation of the university.
However, instead of translating POW's proposals into institutional plans for transformation, Wits reacted in a defensive manner and refused to even acknowledge many of the criticisms that had been raised. Within the university community the perception was different—it was felt that Wits was on the right track. The contradiction between internal and external perceptions would increasingly undermine the unity of the university community, as progressive elements on campus began to take more radical positions in opposition to apartheid. Internal debates about, among other things, the international academic boycott of South Africa and the role of academics in the anti-apartheid struggle led to increasing division within the university. University management was increasingly seen as isolated and out of touch, and began to be referred to by the metonym "the eleventh floor", referring to the eleventh floor of Senate House where top management at Wits is located.
Nonetheless, the university community in general continued to uphold its opposition to apartheid and its commitment to university autonomy and academic freedom. The remainder of the 1980s saw numerous protests on campus, which often ended with police invasions of the university. In 1990, when Nelson Mandela was released, the students of Men's Res, on East Campus, unofficially renamed the lawn outside their residence "Mandela Square".
Post-apartheid: 1994–present
On 25 February 2000, university management began implementing a policy called "Wits 2001" whereby 623 building care, catering, cleaning, grounds, maintenance, and transport workers employed by the University were retrenched, with their jobs being outsourced to sub-contracting companies. There was also a restructuring of academic departments; the university's nine faculties were reduced to five, the university's 99 departments were merged into 40 schools, and courses that were deemed redundant following a mass review were cancelled. Another wave of retrenchments, affecting academic and administrative staff was also implemented as part of Wits 2001. Wits management did, however, initiate programmes to ameliorate some of the negative effects of Wits 2001. These included the implementation of early retirement and voluntary severance packages to minimise retrenchments. Additionally, many of the affected employees' children were studying at Wits at the time, and received bursaries as part of their parents' employment contracts with Wits. The university therefore continued to offer bursaries to them until the completion of the degrees for which they were then enrolled, as well as offering bursaies to the children of affected employees who matriculated in 2000.
Wits 2001 attracted widespread criticism from the workers and staff affected, as well as from students and other staff. The arguments behind the restructuring were criticised as badly reasoned, and the policy itself was criticised as being regressive and neoliberal. The then-vice-chancellor, Professor Colin Bundy, said in defence of Wits 2001 that "[t]his fundamental reorganisation of both academic activities and support services will equip the university for the challenges of higher education in the 21st Century". Management issued a statement on 30 May 2000 responding to criticism of Wits 2001 from the National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU), the largest trade union among Wits employees, in which it defended Wits 2001 as constituting the "outsourcing [of] contracts for certain non-core functions, rather than any shift in ownership relations or governance" contra NEHAWU's claims that it constituted privatisation. Management further defended the changes as "improving the financial sustainability of Wits, taking pressure off management and students, and allowing for better academic and support facilities and services". Along with "Igoli 2002" in Johannesburg, Wits 2001 was one of the policies implemented in the early 2000s which resulted in the formation of the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF).
In 2002, the Johannesburg College of Education was incorporated into the university as Wits Education Campus under the national Department of Education's plan to reform tertiary education in South Africa.[15] In 2003, a student mall, called the Matrix, was opened in the Student Union Building on East Campus.
In 2010, an organisation of workers, staff and students called the Wits Workers' Solidarity Committee (WWSC) was formed to support a worker-initiated campaign against a senior manager, named Ian Armitage, at the Property, Infrastructure and Maintenance Department (PIMD), the division of university management responsible for dealing with outsourced workers on campus, who was accused of threatening workers with violence and hurling racial abuse at them. Under pressure from the WWSC, management agreed to give Armitage a disciplinary hearing, shortly before which he resigned. The WWSC then broadened its campaign to oppose outsourcing on campus in general. In a report on racism at Wits released in October 2011, the WWSC claims that outsourcing reproduces the apartheid legacy at Wits and that some of the restrictive measures that had been put in place against workers constituted segregation. Wits management has since promised an investigation into the allegations made by the WWSC's report.
The badge of the South African School of Mines.
Coat of arms
The current coat of arms of the university was designed by Professor G. E. Pearse, and edited by Professor W. D. Howie to correct heraldic inaccuracies, before being accepted by the State Herald of South Africa in 1972. The design of the coat of arms incorporates a gold background in the upper section of the shield to represent the Witwatersrand gold fields – on which the mining industry that gave rise to the university is based – along with an open book superimposed upon a cogwheel, representing knowledge and industry. The silver wavy bars on the lower section of the shield represent the Vaal and Limpopo rivers which form the northern and southern borders of the Witwatersrand gold fields. Above the shield is the head of a Kudu, an antelope typical of the Witwatersrand and the university's mascot. The university's motto, "Scientia et Labore", meaning "Through Knowledge and Work" in Latin, appears just below the shield.
The university's coat of arms evolved from the badge of the South African School of Mines. This badge consisted of a diamond with a shield superimposed upon it. A prospector's pick and a sledge hammer overlaid with broken ore and a mill appeared on the shield. The South African School of Mine's motto was the same as the university's current one, and surrounded the shield.
Governance and administration
Senate House, to the left, is home to the University's Senate, Council, and management.
As set out in the Higher Education Act (Act No. 101 of 1997) and in the Statute of the University of the Witwatersrand, the university is governed by Council. The Chancellor of the university is the ceremonial head of the University who, in the name of the university, confers all degrees. The positions of Principal and Vice-Chancellor are merged, with the Vice-Chancellor responsible for the day-to-day running of the university and accountable to Council. Council is responsible for the selection of all Vice-Chancellors, Deputy Vice-Chancellors and Deans of Faculty.
The responsibility for regulating all teaching, research and academic functions of the university falls on Senate. Additionally, the interests of the university's students are represented by the Students' Representative Council (SRC), which also selects representatives to Senate and Council.
Campuses
West Campus Village, a student residence located to the west of the Gavin Reilly Green.
Main article: Campuses of the University of the Witwatersrand
The university is divided into five academic campuses. The main administrative campus is East Campus. Across the De Villiers Graaff Motorway lies West Campus. The two are joined by a brick-paved walkway across the highway called the Amic Deck. East and West Campus effectively form a single campus, bordered by Empire Road to the north, Jan Smuts Avenue to the east, Jorrissen Street and Enoch Sontonga Road to the south and Annet Road to the west. The historic East Campus is primarily the home of the faculties of Science and Humanities, as well as the University Council, Senate and management. West Campus houses the faculties of Engineering and the Built Environment, and Commerce, Law and Management. East Campus is home to four residences, namely Men's Res (male), Sunnyside (female), International House (mixed) and Jubilee Hall (female). West Campus is home to the Barnato and David Webster Halls and West Campus Village (all mixed).
Wits has three more academic campuses, all located in Parktown. Wits Education Campus (WEC) houses the school of education, within the Faculty of Humanities. WEC boasts three female residences, forming the Highfield cluster, namely Girton, Medhurst and Reith Hall. East of WEC (across York Road), lies Wits Medical Campus which is the administration and academic centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences. West of WEC (across Victoria Avenue) lies the Wits Management Campus, with the Wits Business School. Within the Wits Management Campus are the Ernest Oppenheimer Hall (male residence) and the mixed Parktown Village.
There are centres that are not academic although referred to by the university as campuses. These are Graduate Lodge, Campus Lodge, South Court and Braamfontein Centre; all in the city district of Braamfontein and all mixed gender. Furthermore there is the Wits Junction (mixed) and the Knockando Halls of Residence (a male residence located on the grounds of a Parktown mansion called Northwards) in Parktown, and the mixed Esselen Street Residence in Hillbrow.
University of the Western Cape
The University of the Western Cape is a public university located in the Bellville suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It was established in 1960 by the South African government as a university for Coloured people only. Other universities near Cape Town are the University of Cape Town, (UCT, originally for English speaking whites) and the Stellenbosch University (originally for Afrikaans speaking whites). The establishing of UWC was a direct effect of the Extension of University Education Act, 1959. This law accomplished the segregation of higher education in South Africa. Coloured students were only allowed at a few non-white universities. In this period, other 'ethnical' universities, such as the University of Zululand and the University of the North, were founded as well. Since well before the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994, it has been an integrated and multiracial institution.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
UWC started as a 'bush college', a university college without autonomy under auspices of the University of South Africa. The university offered a limited training for lower to middle level positions in schools and civil service. In the first years of its existence, a great deal of the teaching staff was white. Many of the lecturers came from the University of Stellenbosch. The language in most lectures was Afrikaans. The first rector was N.J. Sieberhagen (from 1960 till 1973). The university started as a small institution: in the first year, 166 students were enrolled and the teaching staff numbered 17. In 1970, the institution gained university status and was able to award its own degrees and diplomas.
Resistance against apartheid
During the first 15 years, the board and staff were primarily whites, supporting the National Party and apartheid. One of the few exceptions was Adam Small, head of the Philosophy Department. Small was dismissed in 1973 as a consequence of his involvement in the Black Consciousness Movement. Apart from lecturers like Small, there were many students who were active in the struggle against apartheid, and who were loyal to the Black Consciousness Movement. Protests from students against the conservative university board and lack of participation in the university led to the appointment of the first coloured rector, Richard E. van der Ross in 1975. The years thereafter gave way to a more liberal atmosphere, in which the university gradually distanced itself from apartheid. In 1982, the university rejected the apartheid ideology formally in its mission statement; during the next year, the university gained the same autonomy as white universities through the University of the Western Cape Act.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, numerous UWC students were involved in the creation of Bush Radio, an anti-apartheid media project which distributed political and cultural radio programming via cassette tape due to the lack of a license to broadcast on a conventional radio platform. By 1993, the station went to air as a pirate radio station, and eventually became South Africa's first licensed community radio station.
Rector Jakes Gerwel made UWC an "intellectual home of the left", with attention for social and political issues. The university attracted increasing numbers of students from disadvantaged communities. Apart from coloured people, more and more black students enrolled. Gerwel was succeeded in 1995 by Cecil Abrahams, who was succeeded by Brian O'Connell in 2001. UWC retained the status of an autonomous university during the education restructuring of 2002.
During the past decade, UWC has developed an international reputation for research and development of free/open source software solutions and open educational resources. UWC is the only African institution that is a member of the Open Courseware Consortium, and was voted onto the OCWC board in 2007.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
UWC started as a 'bush college', a university college without autonomy under auspices of the University of South Africa. The university offered a limited training for lower to middle level positions in schools and civil service. In the first years of its existence, a great deal of the teaching staff was white. Many of the lecturers came from the University of Stellenbosch. The language in most lectures was Afrikaans. The first rector was N.J. Sieberhagen (from 1960 till 1973). The university started as a small institution: in the first year, 166 students were enrolled and the teaching staff numbered 17. In 1970, the institution gained university status and was able to award its own degrees and diplomas.
Resistance against apartheid
During the first 15 years, the board and staff were primarily whites, supporting the National Party and apartheid. One of the few exceptions was Adam Small, head of the Philosophy Department. Small was dismissed in 1973 as a consequence of his involvement in the Black Consciousness Movement. Apart from lecturers like Small, there were many students who were active in the struggle against apartheid, and who were loyal to the Black Consciousness Movement. Protests from students against the conservative university board and lack of participation in the university led to the appointment of the first coloured rector, Richard E. van der Ross in 1975. The years thereafter gave way to a more liberal atmosphere, in which the university gradually distanced itself from apartheid. In 1982, the university rejected the apartheid ideology formally in its mission statement; during the next year, the university gained the same autonomy as white universities through the University of the Western Cape Act.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, numerous UWC students were involved in the creation of Bush Radio, an anti-apartheid media project which distributed political and cultural radio programming via cassette tape due to the lack of a license to broadcast on a conventional radio platform. By 1993, the station went to air as a pirate radio station, and eventually became South Africa's first licensed community radio station.
Rector Jakes Gerwel made UWC an "intellectual home of the left", with attention for social and political issues. The university attracted increasing numbers of students from disadvantaged communities. Apart from coloured people, more and more black students enrolled. Gerwel was succeeded in 1995 by Cecil Abrahams, who was succeeded by Brian O'Connell in 2001. UWC retained the status of an autonomous university during the education restructuring of 2002.
During the past decade, UWC has developed an international reputation for research and development of free/open source software solutions and open educational resources. UWC is the only African institution that is a member of the Open Courseware Consortium, and was voted onto the OCWC board in 2007.
Nekede Polytechnic Post UTME and HND Result is out for 2013/2014
The post UTME result of the just concluded aptitude test screening for
admission into Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri has been released
online.
To check the results online, candidates are to purchase the result checking cards (Card is N1500 + 200 bank commission) from ONLY OWERRI BRANCHES of the following banks:
- UBA Bank,
- Fidelity Bank
- Zenith Bank
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
To check the results online, candidates are to purchase the result checking cards (Card is N1500 + 200 bank commission) from ONLY OWERRI BRANCHES of the following banks:
- UBA Bank,
- Fidelity Bank
- Zenith Bank
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
UNILORIN: Upload SSCE Result before Aug 15 or forfiet your admission
All prospective students of the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) who
registered for the 2013/2014 post UTME screening with awaiting O'level
results are advised now to upload their result, either
WASSCE/NECO/GCE/Cambridge A level on before August 15th.
According to the information from the university, any student who fail submit the said result after August 15th may likely forfeit their chance of gaining admission to the better by far University.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
According to the information from the university, any student who fail submit the said result after August 15th may likely forfeit their chance of gaining admission to the better by far University.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
8 Most Popular free Online learning Platforms – Take Free Courses
Online learning, elearning, distance education or whatever
combination of words you choose, is becoming more popular among students
and learners world wide. When a group of online learners where asked
what they liked about taking courses only, the predominant response was
that it allow for freedom to learn at your own pace. All you need is a
computer; laptop, iPad, iPhone- internet connection, commitment and a
self-made schedule.
Universities
around the world are already incorporating online learning courses at
different levels; from diploma and certificate courses to bachelors,
Masters and up to Doctoral degrees. However most of these universities
offering online learning courses are not easily affordable for most
people in Africa and developing country.
Interestingly, there are for-profit and not-for-profit online learning Universities and Academies offering free and/or affordable online learning courses that are worth considering. These online Universities and academies have different learning interface. Some offer text-based content, while some offer a mix of text, audio and video course contents. With some, once you register, you can get on with any of the already created courses while others operate on enrollment bases where you register and wait for the an interactive course. Each course programme has a community of learners where you can meet and discuss with other learners with similar interest.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Below are 6 Awesome online learning universities and academies offering free and low cost learning.
ALISON
ALISON (Advance Learning Interactive System Online) offers Free Online Courses, Workplace Skills, Interactive Education and Multimedia learning. With ALISON you can self-certify, at Certificate or Diploma level, on a wide range of courses across ten subject areas. ALISON Certificate-level courses take on average 1 to 2 hours to complete while the Diploma courses take approximately 10 to 11hours. Through your study you will be assessed and, should you achieve a pass rate on your assessments, you will become an ALISON graduate and be entitled to purchase a certificate or Diploma Parchment (as low as $20).
Udemy
Udemy’s goal is to disrupt and democratize the world of education by enabling anyone to teach and learn online. Just as blogging democratized the publishing industry (enabling anyone to instantly become a journalist), Udemy seeks to dramatically change education by empowering millions of experts around the world to teach & share what they know.
Udemy online learning courses are built on an incredible platform that makes it easy for anyone to build an online course. Instructors can use video, PowerPoint, PDFs, audio, zip files and live classes to quickly build a course and share their expertise. Students can take courses across a great breadth of categories, including: business & entrepreneurship, academics, the arts, health & fitness, language, music, technology, games, and more.
Most courses on Udemy are free, but some high quality courses are paid. Paid courses typically range in price from $5 – $250.
Coursera
Coursera offer high quality courses from the top universities, for free to everyone to improve your resume, advance your career, expand your knowledge, and gain confidence by successfully completing one of the challenging university courses. This online learning platform currently host courses from Princeton University, Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, and University of Pennsylvania. With a Coursera account you can enroll in multiple courses and keep track of them all in one place.
Khan Academy
At Khan Academy, you learn almost anything for free. With over 3,100 videos on everything from arithmetic to physics, finance, and history and hundreds of skills to practice, the online academy is on the mission to help you learn what you want, when you want, at your own pace.
The Khan Academy is a not-for-profit organization with the goal of changing education for the better by providing a free world-class education to anyone anywhere. All of the site’s resources are available to anyone. It doesn’t matter if you are a student, teacher, home-schooler, principal, adult returning to the classroom after 20 years, or a friendly alien just trying to get a leg up in earthly biology. The Khan Academy’s materials and resources are available to you completely free of charge.
Udacity
Udacity believe university-level education can be both high quality and low cost. Using the economics of the Internet, it has connected some of the greatest teachers to hundreds of thousands of students all over the world.
Udacity was founded by three roboticists who believed much of the educational value of their university classes could be offered online for very low cost. A few weeks later, over 160,000 students in more than 190 countries enrolled in the first class, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence.” The class was twice profiled by the New York Times and also by other news media. Now the organization is a growing team of educators and engineers, on a mission to change the future of education, offering all courses for free.
Edx
EdX is a transformational new partnership in online education between The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University to offer online learning to millions of people around the world.
MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW)
MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) is a permanent free web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content and is open and available to anyone around the world. The over 2100OCW course materials reflect almost all the undergraduate and graduate subjects taught at MIT. Whether you want to improve on your present skill, refresh your memory, decide on the right field for you to go into or want to learn at your own space for your own benefit, MIT OpenCourseWare provides the opportunity.
University of the People
University of the People (UoPeople) is proclaimed the world’s first tuition-free online university dedicated to the global advancement and democratization of higher education. The University embraces the worldwide presence of the Internet and dropping technology costs to bring tuition-free undergraduate degree programs to qualified high school graduates around the world. UoPeople offers Associates and Bachelors degree programs in Business Administration and Computer Science.
University of the People is a tuition-free, non-profit institution. The University does not charge students to take classes.However, In order to remain sustainable, the online University charge small processing fees for application and examination processing.
Universities
around the world are already incorporating online learning courses at
different levels; from diploma and certificate courses to bachelors,
Masters and up to Doctoral degrees. However most of these universities
offering online learning courses are not easily affordable for most
people in Africa and developing country.Interestingly, there are for-profit and not-for-profit online learning Universities and Academies offering free and/or affordable online learning courses that are worth considering. These online Universities and academies have different learning interface. Some offer text-based content, while some offer a mix of text, audio and video course contents. With some, once you register, you can get on with any of the already created courses while others operate on enrollment bases where you register and wait for the an interactive course. Each course programme has a community of learners where you can meet and discuss with other learners with similar interest.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Below are 6 Awesome online learning universities and academies offering free and low cost learning.
ALISON
ALISON (Advance Learning Interactive System Online) offers Free Online Courses, Workplace Skills, Interactive Education and Multimedia learning. With ALISON you can self-certify, at Certificate or Diploma level, on a wide range of courses across ten subject areas. ALISON Certificate-level courses take on average 1 to 2 hours to complete while the Diploma courses take approximately 10 to 11hours. Through your study you will be assessed and, should you achieve a pass rate on your assessments, you will become an ALISON graduate and be entitled to purchase a certificate or Diploma Parchment (as low as $20).
Udemy
Udemy’s goal is to disrupt and democratize the world of education by enabling anyone to teach and learn online. Just as blogging democratized the publishing industry (enabling anyone to instantly become a journalist), Udemy seeks to dramatically change education by empowering millions of experts around the world to teach & share what they know.
Udemy online learning courses are built on an incredible platform that makes it easy for anyone to build an online course. Instructors can use video, PowerPoint, PDFs, audio, zip files and live classes to quickly build a course and share their expertise. Students can take courses across a great breadth of categories, including: business & entrepreneurship, academics, the arts, health & fitness, language, music, technology, games, and more.
Most courses on Udemy are free, but some high quality courses are paid. Paid courses typically range in price from $5 – $250.
Coursera
Coursera offer high quality courses from the top universities, for free to everyone to improve your resume, advance your career, expand your knowledge, and gain confidence by successfully completing one of the challenging university courses. This online learning platform currently host courses from Princeton University, Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, and University of Pennsylvania. With a Coursera account you can enroll in multiple courses and keep track of them all in one place.
Khan Academy
At Khan Academy, you learn almost anything for free. With over 3,100 videos on everything from arithmetic to physics, finance, and history and hundreds of skills to practice, the online academy is on the mission to help you learn what you want, when you want, at your own pace.
The Khan Academy is a not-for-profit organization with the goal of changing education for the better by providing a free world-class education to anyone anywhere. All of the site’s resources are available to anyone. It doesn’t matter if you are a student, teacher, home-schooler, principal, adult returning to the classroom after 20 years, or a friendly alien just trying to get a leg up in earthly biology. The Khan Academy’s materials and resources are available to you completely free of charge.
Udacity
Udacity believe university-level education can be both high quality and low cost. Using the economics of the Internet, it has connected some of the greatest teachers to hundreds of thousands of students all over the world.
Udacity was founded by three roboticists who believed much of the educational value of their university classes could be offered online for very low cost. A few weeks later, over 160,000 students in more than 190 countries enrolled in the first class, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence.” The class was twice profiled by the New York Times and also by other news media. Now the organization is a growing team of educators and engineers, on a mission to change the future of education, offering all courses for free.
Edx
EdX is a transformational new partnership in online education between The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University to offer online learning to millions of people around the world.
MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW)
MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) is a permanent free web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content and is open and available to anyone around the world. The over 2100OCW course materials reflect almost all the undergraduate and graduate subjects taught at MIT. Whether you want to improve on your present skill, refresh your memory, decide on the right field for you to go into or want to learn at your own space for your own benefit, MIT OpenCourseWare provides the opportunity.
University of the People
University of the People (UoPeople) is proclaimed the world’s first tuition-free online university dedicated to the global advancement and democratization of higher education. The University embraces the worldwide presence of the Internet and dropping technology costs to bring tuition-free undergraduate degree programs to qualified high school graduates around the world. UoPeople offers Associates and Bachelors degree programs in Business Administration and Computer Science.
University of the People is a tuition-free, non-profit institution. The University does not charge students to take classes.However, In order to remain sustainable, the online University charge small processing fees for application and examination processing.
$150,000 Google Research Awards in Sciences and Engineering for Academic Institutions Worldwide 2013
Brief description
Google to offer up to $150,000 Faculty research Awards in Computer Science, Engineering and related fields for academic institutions worldwide pursuing innovative research in these areas
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Eligible Field
The intent of the Google Research Awards is to support cutting-edge research in Computer Science, Engineering, and related fields. Applicants are to categorize their proposals into one of the following broad research areas of interest to Google:
Google is committed to developing new technologies to help users find and use information. As part of its vision to maintain strong ties with academic institutions worldwide pursuing innovative research in core areas relevant to our mission, the Google Research Awards program aims to identify and support world-class, full-time faculty pursuing research in areas of mutual interest.
Google Research Awards are one-year awards structured as unrestricted gifts to universities to support the work of world-class full-time faculty members at top universities around the world. Faculty members can apply for Research Awards by submitting a proposal to one of two 2013 funding rounds.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not Specified
Scholarship Type: Research Award
Number of Scholarships: Several
Value of Award: Faculty members can apply for up to 150,000 USD in eligible expenses, but actual award amounts are frequently less than the full amount requested. Most awards are funded at the amount needed to support basic expenses for one graduate student for one year.
Eligible Countries: All
To be taken at (country): respective institutions worldwide
Application Deadline: submission deadline are April 15th (passed) and October 15th, 2013
A submission link will be posted by October 4th, 2013.
Offered annually? Yes
How to Apply
The application process for the Research Awards includes filling out an online form requesting basic information and uploading a PDF proposal via the form. As part of the online form, you will be asked to select a topic area from among the 18 areas listed above. Please select carefully, as this will determine which of the review committees will review your proposal.
To apply for a Google research award, faculty members should use the general guidelines on this link for proposal submission.
Sponsors: Google
Important Notes:
Recipients are selected through a comprehensive internal review process and notified of their awards within 4 months of the initial submission.
Google to offer up to $150,000 Faculty research Awards in Computer Science, Engineering and related fields for academic institutions worldwide pursuing innovative research in these areas
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Eligible Field
The intent of the Google Research Awards is to support cutting-edge research in Computer Science, Engineering, and related fields. Applicants are to categorize their proposals into one of the following broad research areas of interest to Google:
- Economics and market algorithms
- Geo/maps
- Human-computer interaction
- Information retrieval, extraction, and organization
- Machine learning and data mining
- Machine perception
- Machine translation
- Mobile
- Natural language processing
- Networking
- Policy and standards
- Privacy
- Security
- Social networks
- Software engineering
- Speech
- Structured data and database management
- Systems (hardware and software)
Google is committed to developing new technologies to help users find and use information. As part of its vision to maintain strong ties with academic institutions worldwide pursuing innovative research in core areas relevant to our mission, the Google Research Awards program aims to identify and support world-class, full-time faculty pursuing research in areas of mutual interest.
Google Research Awards are one-year awards structured as unrestricted gifts to universities to support the work of world-class full-time faculty members at top universities around the world. Faculty members can apply for Research Awards by submitting a proposal to one of two 2013 funding rounds.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not Specified
Scholarship Type: Research Award
Number of Scholarships: Several
Value of Award: Faculty members can apply for up to 150,000 USD in eligible expenses, but actual award amounts are frequently less than the full amount requested. Most awards are funded at the amount needed to support basic expenses for one graduate student for one year.
Eligible Countries: All
To be taken at (country): respective institutions worldwide
Application Deadline: submission deadline are April 15th (passed) and October 15th, 2013
A submission link will be posted by October 4th, 2013.
Offered annually? Yes
How to Apply
The application process for the Research Awards includes filling out an online form requesting basic information and uploading a PDF proposal via the form. As part of the online form, you will be asked to select a topic area from among the 18 areas listed above. Please select carefully, as this will determine which of the review committees will review your proposal.
To apply for a Google research award, faculty members should use the general guidelines on this link for proposal submission.
Sponsors: Google
Important Notes:
Recipients are selected through a comprehensive internal review process and notified of their awards within 4 months of the initial submission.
Netherlands Fellowship Programmes (NFP) – Masters, PhD and Short Courses for Developing Countries 2013/2014
Scholarship Name: Netherlands Fellowship Programmes (NFP)
Brief description
2013/2014 Fellowship programme in Netherlands for Masters, PhD and Short Courses applicants from Developing Countries
Accepted Subject Areas?
The NFP offers you three sub-programmes to choose from:
The Netherlands Fellowship Programmes (NFP), funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the budget for development cooperation, are designed to promote capacity building within organizations in 50 (previously 62) countries by providing training and education to mid-career staff.
The overall aim of the NFP is to help alleviate qualitative and quantitative shortages of skilled manpower within a wide range of governmental, private and non-governmental organizations. This is done by offering fellowships to mid-career professionals to improve the capacity of their employing organizations.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not Specified
Selection Criteria
Priority will be given to candidates who:
To be eligible for an NFP fellowship you must:
Value of Scholarship
The fellowship is a supplement to the candidate’s salary and a contribution towards the expenses related to the course or study programme.
How long will sponsorship last? Duration of course
Which African Countries is Eligible?
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Guinea-Bissau, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Cape Verde, Uganda, Mali, Zambia, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Egypt, Namibia
Other Developing Countries outside Africa?
Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nicaragua, Albania, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Autonomous Palestinian Territories, Peru, Bangladesh, Guatemala, Philippines, Bhutan, Honduras, Bolivia, India, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Iran, Suriname, Jordan, Cambodia, Thailand, Kosovo, Colombia, Macedonia, Vietnam, Costa Rica, Yemen, Cuba, Moldova, Mongolia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nepal
To be taken at: Netherlands
Application Deadline: 1 April (passed) and 1 October 2013
Offered annually? Yes
How to Apply
Visit this link for details on how to apply for NFP
Sponsors
The NFP is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the budget for development cooperation.
Important Notes:
Your NFP application consists of:
Brief description
2013/2014 Fellowship programme in Netherlands for Masters, PhD and Short Courses applicants from Developing Countries
Accepted Subject Areas?
The NFP offers you three sub-programmes to choose from:
- Master’s degree programmes
- Short courses
- PhD studies
The Netherlands Fellowship Programmes (NFP), funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the budget for development cooperation, are designed to promote capacity building within organizations in 50 (previously 62) countries by providing training and education to mid-career staff.
The overall aim of the NFP is to help alleviate qualitative and quantitative shortages of skilled manpower within a wide range of governmental, private and non-governmental organizations. This is done by offering fellowships to mid-career professionals to improve the capacity of their employing organizations.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not Specified
Selection Criteria
Priority will be given to candidates who:
- live and work in Sub-Saharan Africa;
- are a woman;
- belong to a priority groups and/or are from a marginalised region as defined by the Dutch embassy in your country. You can find these priorities on the embassy’s website.
To be eligible for an NFP fellowship you must:
- be a mid-career professional with at least three years’ relevant work experience;
- be a national of, and working and living in one of the countries on the NFP country list (see below) valid at the time of application;
- be nominated by your employer, who pledges to continue paying your salary and guarantees that you will be able to return to the same or an equivalent position at the end of your fellowship period;
- have been unconditionally admitted by a Dutch institution to one of the Master’s degree programmes or Short courses on the 2013-2014 course list, or have agreed upon a PhD research proposal with the Dutch institution.
- not already have received an NFP fellowship for a master’s degree programme or a PhD fellowship.
- not be employed by:
- a multinational corporation
- a large national and/or commercial organisation
- a bilateral donor organisation
- a multilateral donor organisation
- an international NGO. - have completed and submitted an NFP PhD study, master’s degree programme or short course application, including all the required documentation, before the applicable fellowship application deadline;
- be employed in an area to which the study will make a relevant contribution;
- be full-time available for the entire period of the programme or course and be physically and mentally able to take part in the entire programme;
Value of Scholarship
The fellowship is a supplement to the candidate’s salary and a contribution towards the expenses related to the course or study programme.
How long will sponsorship last? Duration of course
Which African Countries is Eligible?
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Guinea-Bissau, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Cape Verde, Uganda, Mali, Zambia, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Egypt, Namibia
Other Developing Countries outside Africa?
Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nicaragua, Albania, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Autonomous Palestinian Territories, Peru, Bangladesh, Guatemala, Philippines, Bhutan, Honduras, Bolivia, India, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Iran, Suriname, Jordan, Cambodia, Thailand, Kosovo, Colombia, Macedonia, Vietnam, Costa Rica, Yemen, Cuba, Moldova, Mongolia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nepal
To be taken at: Netherlands
Application Deadline: 1 April (passed) and 1 October 2013
Offered annually? Yes
How to Apply
Visit this link for details on how to apply for NFP
Sponsors
The NFP is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the budget for development cooperation.
Important Notes:
Your NFP application consists of:
- a copy of a valid passport or other official identity document;
- an employer’s statement;
- a statement from the Government Authority (if applicable);
- Statements of motivation, responding to the following questions:
- Why do you wish to pursue this course or programme?
- How will your employer benefit from the course or programme?
- How will your country benefit from the course or programme?
- How will you put your new skills and knowledge to work when you return to your job?
- A letter of a co-supervisor in your own country (if applicable)
WAAW Foundation Scholarships for African Women 2014 – Apply Today!
Brief description
Working to Advance African Women (WAAW) Foundation Annual Scholarship program for Undergraduate African female students 2014
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Eligible fields of Study
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
About Scholarship
The Working to Advance African Women (WAAW) foundation aim to increase the pipeline of African women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) related disciplines, and work to ensure that this talent is engaged in African innovation. WAAW has announced the next round of its scholarship program for African women for 2014, offering $500/year for need-based female African students admitted to a University, College or institute of higher learning in Africa. Scholarships are renewable annually, following proof of the student’s continued academic performance. Application is open from August 1 through October 30, 2013.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not specified
Scholarship Type: Undergraduate Scholarship for African Women
Selection Criteria
(a) Female students of African origin. living and studying in Africa.
(b) Currently enrolled in undergraduate degree program.
(c) Studying in a university or college in Africa.
(d) Demonstrable financial need, and
(e) Excellent Academic Record.
Who is qualified to apply?
Female students of African origin living in Africa, less than 40 years, who have gained undergraduate admission to an institution of higher learning in Africa and studying a STEM related course.
The candidate must demonstrate financial need and excellent academic record.
Special consideration is given to orphans, underprivileged students, girls impacted by HIV and students in the first or second year of study.
How Many Funding Positions are available? Several (four in 2013)
Value of Scholarship
Scholarship recipients will receive an award of $500 for the 2012/13 academic year, or the equivalent in their country’s local currency. Scholarship recipients may reapply for renewal the following year, with proof of continued excellent academic performance.
Duration of Scholarship
Scholarship is a onetime fund but is renewable annually, following proof of the student’s continued academic performance
Eligible African Countries
Women from all Africa countries
To be taken at: Applicants home country
Application Deadline on or before Midnight (CST) on 30 October, 2013
Offered annually? Yes
How can I Apply?
Visit the WAAW foundation web site at http://www.waawfoundation.org/education and complete the application form online.
Your application will include the following:
Sponsors
WAAW- Working to Advance African Women
Important Notes:
WAAW will only accept online application this year. Scholarship applications are reviewed by the WAAW Scholarship Committee, and awards are announced by February.
Only shortlisted candidates will be asked for recommendation letters or University transcripts during the verification process.
Working to Advance African Women (WAAW) Foundation Annual Scholarship program for Undergraduate African female students 2014
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
Eligible fields of Study
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
About Scholarship
The Working to Advance African Women (WAAW) foundation aim to increase the pipeline of African women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) related disciplines, and work to ensure that this talent is engaged in African innovation. WAAW has announced the next round of its scholarship program for African women for 2014, offering $500/year for need-based female African students admitted to a University, College or institute of higher learning in Africa. Scholarships are renewable annually, following proof of the student’s continued academic performance. Application is open from August 1 through October 30, 2013.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not specified
Scholarship Type: Undergraduate Scholarship for African Women
Selection Criteria
(a) Female students of African origin. living and studying in Africa.
(b) Currently enrolled in undergraduate degree program.
(c) Studying in a university or college in Africa.
(d) Demonstrable financial need, and
(e) Excellent Academic Record.
Who is qualified to apply?
Female students of African origin living in Africa, less than 40 years, who have gained undergraduate admission to an institution of higher learning in Africa and studying a STEM related course.
The candidate must demonstrate financial need and excellent academic record.
Special consideration is given to orphans, underprivileged students, girls impacted by HIV and students in the first or second year of study.
How Many Funding Positions are available? Several (four in 2013)
Value of Scholarship
Scholarship recipients will receive an award of $500 for the 2012/13 academic year, or the equivalent in their country’s local currency. Scholarship recipients may reapply for renewal the following year, with proof of continued excellent academic performance.
Duration of Scholarship
Scholarship is a onetime fund but is renewable annually, following proof of the student’s continued academic performance
Eligible African Countries
Women from all Africa countries
To be taken at: Applicants home country
Application Deadline on or before Midnight (CST) on 30 October, 2013
Offered annually? Yes
How can I Apply?
Visit the WAAW foundation web site at http://www.waawfoundation.org/education and complete the application form online.
Your application will include the following:
- Personal and Contact Information.
- Educational Information
- Responses to essay questions that address career goals, and how you expect the WAAW scholarship will assist in your education.
- Two academic/professional references. Note recommendations and transcripts ARE NOT REQUIRED AT THIS TIME. ONLY after a candidate has been shortlisted.
Sponsors
WAAW- Working to Advance African Women
Important Notes:
WAAW will only accept online application this year. Scholarship applications are reviewed by the WAAW Scholarship Committee, and awards are announced by February.
Only shortlisted candidates will be asked for recommendation letters or University transcripts during the verification process.
Application for YouWIN Business Competition 2013
YouWiN – Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria – is an
innovative business plan competition, by the federal government of
Nigeria, aimed at job creation by encouraging and supporting aspiring
entrepreneurial youth in Nigeria to develop and execute business ideas.
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The first round of the competition was awarded in 2011 with 1200 successful businesses. Here is a very informative interview with one of the 2011 YouWINers. The 2012 (second) round of the entrepreneurial scheme – YouWIN Women, was designed exclusively for female entrepreneurs, age 45 or less.
Introducing YouWin 3!
The 2013 YouWIN Business competition (third edition) will be launch by the president, within the month of August, for both men and women entrepreneurs in Nigeria between ages 18 and 40.
Step 1: See Who is Eligible to Apply
To be eligible for the Business Plan Competition you must satisfy the following criteria
Step 2: See How to Apply
Register here. You will receive a confirmation email from YouWIN! with all the details you will need to log in. More on how to apply
Step 3: Complete New Business Application
Once you have successfully registered you need to Log in and click the New Business Application button on the right hand-side (the link will be visible once the competition is launched in August 2013). You can save your application form as you go along, and come back to it at any time. Once you are happy with your application use the Submit button on the form to send it. You can submit only ONE application.
What next?
After the closing date you will be notified if you have been selected for the next stage of the competition.
YouWIN 3! Competition Timeline
N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The first round of the competition was awarded in 2011 with 1200 successful businesses. Here is a very informative interview with one of the 2011 YouWINers. The 2012 (second) round of the entrepreneurial scheme – YouWIN Women, was designed exclusively for female entrepreneurs, age 45 or less.
Introducing YouWin 3!
The 2013 YouWIN Business competition (third edition) will be launch by the president, within the month of August, for both men and women entrepreneurs in Nigeria between ages 18 and 40.
Step 1: See Who is Eligible to Apply
To be eligible for the Business Plan Competition you must satisfy the following criteria
- You must be a proven citizen of Nigeria no older than 40 years (proof of identity: International passport/Drivers License/National ID/Voters card required)
- You must have a post-secondary school qualification
- Your proposed business venture must be within the national borders of Nigeria, and with the intention of employing Nigerian citizens.
- Your proposed venture must not entail the production or distribution of weapons, alcoholic beverages, tobacco or/and gambling, or any activities in contradiction with the Nigerian constitution
- You must prepare an innovative business concept summary
Step 2: See How to Apply
Register here. You will receive a confirmation email from YouWIN! with all the details you will need to log in. More on how to apply
Step 3: Complete New Business Application
Once you have successfully registered you need to Log in and click the New Business Application button on the right hand-side (the link will be visible once the competition is launched in August 2013). You can save your application form as you go along, and come back to it at any time. Once you are happy with your application use the Submit button on the form to send it. You can submit only ONE application.
What next?
After the closing date you will be notified if you have been selected for the next stage of the competition.
YouWIN 3! Competition Timeline
Akwa-Ibom College of Agriculture
For more information, updates and news on Akwa-Ibom College of Agriculture visit www.campusflava.com
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