Stellenbosch University

Stellenbosch University (formally University of Stellenbosch; Afrikaans: Universiteit van Stellenbosch) is a public research university situated in the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Other nearby universities are the University of Cape Town and University of the Western Cape.

For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

Stellenbosch University (abbreviated as SU) designed and manufactured Africa's first microsatellite, SUNSAT, launched in 1999.

Stellenbosch University was the first African university to sign the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.

The students of Stellenbosch University are nicknamed Maties. Some claim the term arises from their maroon rugby colours: a tamatie is the Afrikaans translation for tomato. It is more likely to come from the Afrikaans colloquialism maat (meaning "buddy" or "mate") originally used diminutively by the students of the University of Cape Town's precursor, the South African College.

History

The origin of the university can be traced back to the Stellenbosch Gymnasium, which was opened on 1 March 1866, which became the Stellenbosch College in 1881 and which was located at the current Arts Department. In 1887 this college was renamed Victoria College; when it acquired university status on 2 April 1918 it was renamed once again, to Stellenbosch University.
Name

Both descriptions, University of Stellenbosch and Stellenbosch University are correct, although the latter more informal format should be used in marketing and communication activities. This also holds true for the corresponding Afrikaans versions of the name, Universiteit van Stellenbosch and Universiteit Stellenbosch. Some departments favour one over the other, for example, the University of Stellenbosch Business School, which is regularly shortened to USB.


University rankings


Stellenbosch University's staff and students like referring to the institution as "world class". This indicates a high sense of pride and appreciation for their university. The university is one of only three public universities in the Western Cape and one of about 20 universities in the country.

There are no existing South African or African university ranking systems, but several international rankings have ranked SU.

In the latest edition of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Stellenbosch University was ranked in the 251-275 category in the world and third in Africa.

Another reputable ranking system, QS World University Rankings recently ranked SU in the 401-450 category in the world and also third in Africa.

The Leiden University ranked SU 395th out of the top 500 universities worldwide on its CWTS Leiden Ranking list of 2013. This list also ranked SU second in both South Africa and Africa, behind only the University of Cape Town.

In 2012, Webometrics ranked Stellenbosch's web footprint 2nd largest in Africa, again behind the University of Cape Town(UCT).

The University of Stellenbosch Business School's MBA program was ranked 65th out of 100 MBA programmes of the leading business schools in the world the Aspen Institute’s 2011-12 edition of its Beyond Grey Pinstripes survey. The USB is also the only business school in South Africa, as well as the rest of the continent, to be included in the Top 100 list.

Stellenbosch, South Africa's oldest town after Cape Town, is a university town with a population of about 90,000 (excluding students). It is located about 50 kilometres from Cape Town and is situated on the banks of the Eersterivier ("First River") in the famous wine-growing region and is encircled by picturesque mountains. Teaching at Stellenbosch University is divided between the main campus in Stellenbosch, the Tygerberg campus (where the Faculty of Health Sciences is situated), the Bellville Park campus (where the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) is situated), and the Saldanha campus (housing the Faculty of Military Science at the Military Academy of the South African National Defence Force).
Language

Stellenbosch University is a predominantly Afrikaans medium university, especially at undergraduate and honours course level. However, students are allowed to write their assignments, tests and examinations in both English and Afrikaans. The language of tuition also varies depending on the faculty, with the Faculty of Arts for example being 40% English, most if not all courses are lectured bilingually and the language of most handouts or prescribed material is determined by the student.

At postgraduate level the language of tuition is determined by the composition of the class. The majority of advanced postgraduate courses are conducted in English. According to the current[when?] language profile of the university, 60% of its students state Afrikaans as their home language, 32% have English as their home language and 1.6% of students have Xhosa as their home language.

The language policy is still an ongoing issue for the University, since it is one of the very few tertiary institutions left in South Africa offering tuition in Afrikaans. Because of this, it is held in very high regard by the Afrikaner community, with the university even being considered a central pillar of Afrikaner life.
Student profile

Stellenbosch University's student racial profile is as follows:[citation needed]
Ethnic enrolment, 2009     Percentage     Total
number
White     67.6%     17,753
Coloured     15.2%     4,000
Black     14.4%     3,800
Indian     1.9%     500
Total     100%     26,243
Faculties and schools
The university's Tygerberg medical campus, viewed from the air

Stellenbosch University consists of about 150 departments divided amongst 10 faculties. It also has more than 40 research (and other) institutions.

The faculties that are situated on the main campus are:

    Arts and Social Sciences
    Science
    Education
    AgriSciences
    Law
    Theology
    Economic and Management Sciences
    Engineering

The faculties and schools that are not situated on the main campus are:

    Military Science — situated in Saldanha Bay
    Health Sciences — situated in Tygerberg
    University of Stellenbosch Business School — situated in Bellville

The Southern African node of the Pan-African University is based in South Africa and will concentrate on space sciences. This decision was connected with South Africa's bid to host the Square Kilometre Array of radio telescopes. In September 2009 Jean-Pierre Ezin, African Union commissioner for science, said the node at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa could open as early as February 2010.
Student societies
List of societies
List of academic student societies
Facilities and services
Students gathering on the campus' "Red Square"

The J.S. Gericke Library, is notable for being subterranean, on two levels, and occupying a surface area equivalent to two and half rugby fields. The library has collections scattered around the campus outside of the main facility, and all of which are catalogued on a computerised database, using the university's original mainframe, a UNIVAC. There are several other satellite libraries servicing the different faculties, including the Theology Library, Law Library and Tygerberg Medical Library.

Stellenbosch University also has a Conservatory, including two concert halls. The Conservatory is the home of the internationally acclaimed Stellenbosch University Choir, who, along with being the oldest South African choir have received numerous awards overseas.

The university also has a 430 seater theatre, known as the H.B. Thom Theatre and an open air amphitheatre. Accompanying these facilities is the university's own drama department, under the guidance of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. The department regularly puts on plays, dramas, productions, cabarets and musicals.

The Langenhoven Students' Centre (Neelsie) houses the Student Representative Council, a food court, a cinema, a post office, a shopping centre, an advice office and all the student societies' offices. Student bands and various entertainment and activity promotions usually appear in the main food court during lunch hour.

The university has its own radio station known as MFM (Matie FM), situated in the Neelsie. It broadcasts over the entire Stellenbosch area at 92.6 FM. Broadcasting a mix of music, news, entertainment and campus news.

The university also distributes regular publications, Die Matie (appearing every fortnight), for its students and Kampusnuus (appearing monthly) for its staff. An official yearbook, Die Stellenbosch Student, is published annually and presented to all graduating students. Matieland is the name of the official alumni magazine. It is published twice a year and distributed to some 100 000 alumni and friends of the University.
Sport

Sports facilities for the more than 30 competitive and recreational sports that are supported by the university include two sport stadiums, two large swimming pools (one under roof), the D.F. Malan Center, a multi-purpose center for ceremonies and indoor sports, numerous playing fields, including a hockey field, a gymnasium and a new football complex. The university offers the following sports to its students:

List of sports

Stellenbosch has served as a test site in 2006 for a set of proposed modifications to the rules of rugby union, commonly referred to as the Stellenbosch Laws.
Student housing

Stellenbosch University halls of residence

The university has various residences, or koshuise (Afrikaans for residence halls).

Students in private lodgings can become a member of the Private Students' Organisation (PSO), also known as Private Wards. There were previously 6 PSO wards until 8 October 2008, when four new PSO wards were commissioned. Students are assigned to the various wards through a system of random allocation. Private Wards allow students to enjoy all the same functions, from academic support to sport opportunities, as a Residence provides, while the student remains in their private lodging.

Rhodes University

Rhodes University (RU or simply Rhodes) is a public research university located in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, established in 1904. It is the province’s oldest university, and is one of the four universities in the province. It is the fifth or sixth oldest South African university in continuous operation, being preceded by the University of the Free State (1904),[3] University of Witwatersrand (1896), Stellenbosch University (1866) and the University of Cape Town (1829).[verification needed] Rhodes was founded in 1904 as Rhodes University College, named after Cecil Rhodes, through a grant from the Rhodes Trust. It became a constituent college of the University of South Africa in 1918 before becoming an independent university in 1951.

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The university has an enrolment of over 7,000 students, approximately 3,000 of whom live on campus in several residences located on campus while the remaining students (known as oppidans) take residence in digs (off-campus residences) or in their own homes in town.


Although a proposal to found a university in Grahamstown had been made as early as 1902, financial problems caused by the Frontier Wars in the Eastern Cape prevented the proposal from being implemented. In 1904 Leander Jamson issued £50 000 preferred stock to the university from the Rhodes Trust. With this funding Rhodes University College was founded by an act of parliament on 31 May 1904.

University education in the Eastern Cape began in the college departments of four schools: St. Andrew's College; Gill College, Somerset East; Graaff-Reinet College; and the Grey Institute in Port Elizabeth. The four St Andrew’s College professors, Arthur Matthews, George Cory, Stanley Kidd and G.F Dingemans became founding professors of Rhodes University College.


Halls of Residence

    Allan Webb Hall
    Courtenay-Latimer Hall
    Desmond Tutu
    Drostdy Hall
    Founders Hall
    Hobson Hall
    Jan Smuts Hall
    Kimberley Hall East
    Kimberley Hall West
    Lilian Ngoyi Hall
    Nelson Mandela Hall
    St Mary Hall


At the beginning of 1905, Rhodes moved from cramped quarters at St Andrew’s to the Drostdy building, which it bought from the British Government. Rhodes became a constituent college of the new University of South Africa in 1918 and it continued to expand in size. When the future of the University of South Africa came under review in 1947, Rhodes opted to become an independent university.

Rhodes University was inaugurated on 10 March 1951. Sir Basil Schonland, son of Selmar Schonland, became the first Chancellor of his alma mater, and Dr Thomas Alty the first Vice-Chancellor. In terms of the Rhodes University Private Act, the University College of Fort Hare was affiliated to Rhodes University. This mutually beneficial arrangement continued until the apartheid government decided to disaffiliate Fort Hare from Rhodes. The Rhodes Senate and Council objected strongly to this, and to the Separate University Education Bill, which they condemned as interference with academic freedom. However, the two bills were passed, and Fort Hare’s affiliation to Rhodes came to an end in 1959.

James Hyslop succeeded Alty in 1963. In 1971 Rhodes negotiated to purchase the closed Community of the Resurrection Training College buildings and grounds and a number of adjacent buildings, facilitating further expansion.
The old part of the Rhodes University campus -- viewed across the Great Fields towards the Student Union building and the science buildings.
Kimberley Hall is currently one of nine halls on campus.
The new Eden Grove building at Rhodes University.

Campus

During 2008 work began on construction of a new library building at a cost of R85 million, one of the largest infrastructure projects undertaken by the university, and was completed in 2010.
Organization and administration
[icon]     This section requires expansion. (May 2011)
Faculties and Schools

Rhodes has six faculties, listed below:

    Humanities (1952)
    Commerce
    Law
    Science
    Education
    Pharmacy

The six faculties are further subdivided into 30 academic departments, of which 11 form part of the humanities faculty. The humanities faculty, being the largest in the university, consists of 40% of the student intake of undergraduate and postgraduate studies, enrolling 2669 students as of 2009.
Law Clinic

Rhodes University operates a Law Clinic, which operates as a firm of attorneys providing training to law students and free legal services for indigent people. The Law Clinic operates from two offices, one in Grahamstown and one in Queenstown. The Law Clinic came to national attention in July 2013 when it represented 15 members of Nelson Mandela's family in their litigation against Mandla Mandela (Nelson Mandela's grandson) concerning the location of family grave sites.
Academics

Rhodes is a small, highly residential university. For most undergraduates, first and second years of study are done while living in campus residences.

Rhodes' academic program operates on a semester calendar, beginning in early-February to early-June, and the second semester beginning in late-July and ending late-November.

Undergraduate tuition for the first year of study in 2011 towards a bachelor of arts and bachelor of science degree was R26,590 and R27,720, respectively, and the cost of board was between R35,700 and R37,600.

University of Pretoria

The University of Pretoria is a multi campus public research university in Pretoria, the administrative and de facto capital of South Africa. The university was established in 1908 as the Pretoria campus of the Johannesburg-based Transvaal University College and is the fourth South African institution in continuous operation to be awarded university status. The university has grown from the original 32 students in a single late Victorian house to approximately 39,000 in 2010. The University was built on 7 suburban campuses on 1120ha (2767acre).

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The University is organised into nine faculties and a business school. Established in 1920, the University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science is the second oldest veterinary school in Africa and the only veterinary school in South Africa. In 1949 the university launched the first MBA programme outside of North America and the university's Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) has consistently been ranked the top business school in Africa for executive education, as well as being placed in the top 50 in the world. In 2012 the Financial Times ranked the GIBS Executive MBA 1st in Africa and 60th in the world.

Since 1997, the university has produced more research outputs every year than any other institution of higher learning in South Africa, as measured by the Department of Education's accreditation benchmark. In 2008 the university awarded 15.8% of all masters and doctorate degrees in South Africa, the highest percentage in the country.

The university is commonly referred to as UP, Tuks, or Tukkies and in post-nominals the university is typically abbreviated as Pret or UP, although Pretoria is also used in official publications.

The proposal for a university for the capital, first mooted in the Volksraad in 1889, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Anglo Boer War in 1899. In 1896 the South African School of Mines was founded in Kimberley. Eight years later, in 1904, the school was moved to Johannesburg and was renamed the Transvaal Technical Institute. The school's name changed yet again in 1906 to Transvaal University College. In 1902 after the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging, the Normal College for teacher training was established in Groenkloof, Pretoria. On 4 March 1908 when the Transvaal University College (TUC) transferred its arts and science courses to its newly established Pretoria Campus the precursor to the university was established, initially offering courses in languages, sciences, and law.

Instruction commenced with 32 students, 4 professors and 3 lecturers in the Kya Rosa, 270 Skinner Street a late Victorian residence purchased from Leo Weinthal the then owner of The Press (forerunner to the Pretoria News Newspaper). The first four professors were Prof H. Th. Reinink (Dutch), J. Purves (Scottish), D.F. du Toit Malherbe (South African) and A.C. Paterson (Scottish), who would also become the first Vice-Chancellor

In 1910 the Colonial Secretary, General Jan Smuts tabled the act constituting the university as a separate entity before the Transvaal Parliament, the "Transvaalse Universiteits-Inlijvingswet" Law 1 of 1910. On 17 May 1910 the Johannesburg and Pretoria campuses separated, each becoming an independent institution. The Johannesburg campus being reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Technology, while the Pretoria campus retained the name of Transvaal University College until 1930. The South African School of Mines and Technology would later go on to become the University of the Witwatersrand in 1922. In 1910 the TUC acquired its own campus in the East of Pretoria, what is now the western part of the university’s main campus in Hatfield. On 3 August 1910 Governor-General Herbert John Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone laid the cornerstone of the Old Arts Building, the first building to be built on the newly established Hatfield campus. The building’s striking Cape Dutch and Neo-Romanesque architectural style was recognised in 1968 when it was declared a provincial heritage site .During this time the colloquial name for the university, Tukkies or Tuks, was derived from the Afrikaans acronym for the college i.e. Transvaalse Universiteits-Kollege (TUK).

The late 1910s and early 1920s saw the establishment of several faculties as the academic activities were expanded. Courses in agriculture (1917), theology (1918), economics and political science (1919), veterinary science (1920), and music (1923) were established as the institution grew.
Establishment and expansion years 1929–1982
A newspaper article celebrating the name change

On 10 October 1930 the University of Pretoria Private Act, No. 13 of 1930 changed the name of the TUC to the University of Pretoria. The TUC originally established as an English medium institution had evolved into the only fully bilingual university in South Africa and remained as such until the early 1930s. The rapid increase of Afrikaans speaking students brought about an imbalance between the demographics of students and the languages of instruction. By 1931, although 65% of students were Afrikaans speaking, 68% of the classes were conducted in English. In 1932 the University Council addressed the imbalance, deciding that Afrikaans would become the only medium of instruction. An increase in student numbers necessitated the building of new facilities such as the Club Hall and Administration Building (colloquially known as the ship) when the 7th faculty, the Medical Faculty, was established in 1943. This period further saw the establishment of numerous student activities such as the annual Spring Day event and intervarsity. Student publications established include the Trek in 1931, the first Rag Mag in 1936 and the weekly student newspaper, Die Perdeby in 1939.The period of 1948–1982 is characterised by the substantial increase in student numbers and physical growth of the university. The nearly doubling of student numbers demanded the physical expansion of the Hatfield campus and new buildings were built in quick succession as the campus grew eastward. In the mid-1960s, the university urgently required additional land and acquired the adjacent property of Christian Brothers' College, Saint Gabriel's.This property now forms the eastern section of the Hatfield campus.

In 1949 the university founded the Graduate School of Management (GSM),

The university is commonly referred to as UP, Tuks, or Tukkies and in post-nominals the university is typically abbreviated as Pret or UP, although Pretoria is also used in official publications.
Transformation years: 1982 & beyond
University of Pretoria Faculty of Law building

During the period of 1982 to 2008 the university transformed into a bilingual, multiracial and inclusive institution. The comparatively smooth introduction of students from all races formed the initial impetus for transformation and in 1989 the University was declared officially desegregated and opened for all races. In 1993 a policy document was introduced, aiming to position the university in a newly democratic South Africa. In 1994 the university regained its status as a bilingual university when a new language policy was adopted.

In 1999 the only two veterinary science faculties in the country, those of the University of Pretoria and Medunsa were amalgamated. The university's Onderstepoort campus once again housed the only veterinary faculty in South Africa. In 2000 the Teachers Training College Pretoria, formerly the Normal College Pretoria founded in 1902, was incorporated into the university’s Faculty of Education, which saw the faculty moving to the self-sufficient Groenkloof campus.

The university’s business school in Illovo Johannesburg, the Gordon Institute of Business Science, was established in January 2000 following a substantial contribution by Sir Donald Gordon, the founder of Liberty Life and Liberty International, and a major investment by the University of Pretoria following discussions started in 1998. The now defunct Vista University's Mamelodi campus was incorporated on 2 January 2004, as part of the restructuring of South African tertiary institutions. In 2011 GIBS opened a satellite campus on Pritchard Street in the inner city of Johannesburg. The Business school follows on the university's now defunct Graduate School of Management's long tradition of MBA tuition as the first business school outside of North America and replaced it in January 2008.
Administration and organisation
Governance
Further information: List of Vice-Chancellors and Chancellors of the University of Pretoria
Faculty founding
Faculty     Year founded
Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences     1920
Faculty of Education     1902
Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology     1908
Faculty of Health Sciences     1943
Faculty of Humanities     1908
Faculty of Law     1908
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences     1917
Faculty of Theology     1919
Faculty of Veterinary Science     1920
Gordon Institute of Business Science     2000

As set out in the Higher Education Act No 101 of 1997, the university is governed by the Council with the Vice-Chancellor & Principal the executive head responsible for the day-to-day administration and the Chancellor being the non-resident titular head of the university. The Registrar is responsible for the academic administration of the University, as well as legal matters, and is secretary to the University Council and Senate.

The university's academic activities are divided into nine faculties and one business school. Whilst the faculties comprise of 140 departments and 85 institutes, bureaus and centres.

Campus
The Old Arts building now houses several museums
Main Hatfield Campus

The university’s main campus and central administration offices are situated in the suburb of Hatfield, Pretoria and houses six of the nine faculties. The campus, bordered by the suburb of Brooklyn to the south and Hatfield to the north, was built over 24 hectares and has more than 60 buildings of historical value.

Adjacent to the Hatfield campus is the LC de Villiers Sport Grounds & High Performance Centre which were developed on an area of 76 ha. Adjacent to the sport grounds is the university's experimental farm, which is used to conduct field experiments for the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. The campus served is by the Hatfield Gautrain station connecting Pretoria and Johannesburg. A university bus shuttle services operates between the Hatfield campus and the Groenkloof and Prinshof campuses, whilst a park and ride shuttle service operates between the Hatfield campus and the LC de Villiers Sport Grounds.
Museums

The university’s art collection consists primarily of paintings, sculptures and graphic works by South African artists including the likes of Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef, Gregoire Boonzaier, William Kentridge and Sam Ngethwa. The collection also incorporates artworks by renowned international artists among others such as Max Pechstein, Käthe Kollwitz, Max Lieberman, George Grosz, Otto Mueller, Rembrandt van Rijn, Thomas Benton and Marc Chagall. The university's sculpture collection, the largest such collection in South Africa, contains sculptures by Sidney Kumalo, Maureen Quinn, Michael Teffo, Anton Smit and others.

The Old Arts Building was proclaimed a provincial heritage site in 1968 and houses the Van Tilburg Collection, Van Gybland-Oosterhoff Collection and Mapungubwe Museum. The Van Tilburg Collection is a permanent museum that comprises 17th & 18th century furniture,paintings, Delft ceramics and other works of art, and includes the largest South African collection of Chinese ceramic objects, from the Chin (221-206 B.C.), Han (202 B.C. – A.D. 220), Tang (A.D. 618–906), Song (A.D. 960–1279), Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties.
“     What survives are the almost untouched remains of the palace sites and also the entire settlement area dependent upon them, as well as two earlier capital sites, the whole presenting an unrivalled picture of the development of social and political structures over some 400 years.     ”



The university is the custodian of the collection of artefacts found at the Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage site and such display these artefacts in the Mapungubwe Museum. Gold ornaments, ivory, bone, ceramic-ware, clay figurines, trade beads, iron and copper artefacts are on permanent public display.The Van Gybland-Oosterhoff Collection is a ceramic collection, donated by Dr Horace Hugo Alexander van Gybland Oosterhoff and accepted by the university on 14 March 1939, is the largest collection of objects, publications, memorabilia and photographs of historical interest, relating to Dutch culture outside of the Netherlands.

The Old Merensky Library houses the Edoardo Villa Museum. The Edoardo Villa Museum currently houses the largest collection of sculptures by the Italian artist Edoardo Villa and one South Africa's most renowned sculptors, who was mentored by Minotti at the Scuola D’Arte Andrea Fontoniby.

The Van Wouw Museum is the largest collection of bronze, marble and plaster sculptures by the famous pioneer South African sculptor, Anton van Wouw (1862–1945). Van Wouw, who is widely regarded as the founder of traditional sculpture in South Africa, created masterful artworks portraying Boer figures and the indigenous peoples of South Africa. Besides documents, photos, paintings and tools the exhibits are mainly bronze maquettes and casts of Van Wouw's sculptural work. The Van Wouw Museum is housed in Anton Van Wouw's last residence, a Dutch national monument.

Other minor art collections include the Christo Coetzee collection which was bequeathed to the university by the artist in 2001 and consists of more than 3000 objects, NPK Ceramics Collection, Hilgard Muller Collection, Mike Edwards Collection, Kruger Collection, Frans Esterhuizen Cartoon Collection, Hansie Visagie Puppet Collection, Friends of the Pretoria Art Association Art Collection, Baldinelli Trust Collection and Mimi Coertse Collection.

The University's Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Discovery Centre, Sci-Enza, was officially launched in 1977. The Discovery Centre is an umbrella complex where young children, students and adults can explore the world of science, engineering and technology in a "play-as-you-learn" way. Activities at the Centre museum include: a Digital planetarium; Exploratorium; Camera Obscura; Biological science exhibit; Botanical garden; Indigenous technology exhibit

North-West University

The North-West University is a newly merged institution from 1 January 2004 onwards with three campuses at Potchefstroom, Mafikeng and Vanderbijlpark, South Africa. The Potchefstroom Campus (founded in 1869) is the largest, and the head office of the University is situated at this location. With its merged status, the North-West University became one of the largest universities in South Africa and has 64 081 students (full-time and distance education).

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The universities that merged to form this institution are the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education and the University of North-West (formerly the University of Bophuthatswana). These two campuses form the main hubs of the university, with the Potchefstroom campus catering to Afrikaans speakers and the Mafikeng campus being broader in orientation.

Webometrics ranked NWU as the 18th best university in Sub-Saharan Africa, 23rd in Africa, and 1 677 out of 20 300 universities in the world in January 2012.
North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus

NWU Vaal focuses on programmes in economic sciences, commerce, information technology, education, social science, languages and the humanities. These programmes are divided between two faculties, namely the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Information Technology and the Faculty of Humanities. The Faculty of Economic Sciences and Information Technology include Economic Sciences, Accounting Sciences and Information Technology. Extended programmes in BCom and BSc are also offered to accommodate those students who had Mathematical Literacy or a low pass mark for Maths in Grade 12. The Faculty of Humanities includes Languages, Behavioural Sciences, Basic Sciences and Educational Sciences, conducting research in the following areas:

    Multilingualism
    Understanding and Processing Language
    Positive Psychology
    Resilience
    Public Affairs Research on Service Delivery
    Water Research

The campus has its own Cricket Academy and Cycling Academy as well as a rowing club registered with Rowing South Africa. Body Building is also growing in popularity amongst students.

Sporting codes of NWU Vaal

    Rugby
    Hockey
    Cricket (men and women)
    Netball
    Soccer (men and women)
    Body Building (men and women)
    Dance
    Chess

University of KwaZulu-Natal

The university was formed by the merger of the University of Natal, and the University of Durban-Westville, in 2004.
The main clock tower of Old Main Building, located on the Pietermaritzburg campus.
University of Natal

For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com
The university is governed in accordance with the Higher Education Act, and the constitution of the university is specified in the Statute of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, as approved by the South African Minister of Education and the Parliament of South Africa.

In terms of the statute, the university consists of:

    the chancellor (the titular head). The first chancellor of the merged university was Dr Frene Ginwala. It is currently Dr Zweli Mkhize.
    the vice chancellor (the executive head)
    two or more deputy vice chancellors (currently there are five full and one acting)[8]
    the registrar (responsible for registering students)
    the council (responsible for governance of the institution as a whole)
    the senate (responsible for governance of academic activities)
    the students representative council (responsible for students representation)
    the institutional forum (responsible for advising the council on matters of human rights and equality)
    the colleges (currently there are four)
    the academic and support staff
    the students
    the convocation (all the alumni and some others)

Academic structure

In terms of academic subdivisions, the university is made up of four colleges, which are in turn made up of several schools.[9] In most cases, a subdivision is spread across one or more of the university's geographical campuses. For example, the Chemistry is located across both Pietermaritzburg and Westville campuses.

College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science

    School of Engineering
    School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences
    School of Chemistry and Physics
    School of Life Sciences
    School Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

College of Health Sciences

    School of Clinical Medicine
    School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences
    School of Health Sciences
    School of Nursing & Public Health


College of Humanities

    School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics
    School of Arts
    School of Social Sciences
    School of Applied Human Sciences
    School of Built Environment and Development Studies
    School of Education


College of Law and Management Studies

    Graduate School of Business and Leadership
    School of Accounting, Economics and Finance
    School of Law
    School of Management, IT and Governance

An institute build in cooperation with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute is the new Kwazulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, opened in 2012. It is located at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine campus.
Campuses

The University is geographically divided into 5 distinct campuses, which partially correspond to managerial and academic divisions of the university. Two campuses (Edgewood and the Medical School) house specific academic divisions (education and medicine respectively), but the remainder of the universities academic divisions are spanned across Howard College, Pietermaritzburg and Westville.
Pietermaritzburg campus

Pietermaritzburg campus was the main location of the University of Natal and its predecessor, the Natal University College, until the opening of the Howard College campus in Durban. This campus contains the university's oldest structure, Old Main Building, built in 1912. Pietermaritzburg campus offers a broad range of academic degrees, and is the only UKZN campus providing training in agriculture, theology and fine arts.
Howard College campus

Howard College campus was the Durban location of the University of Natal until the 2004 merger. It spans the Berea Ridge. Howard College offers a wide range of degrees, with some teaching divided between there and Westville.
Westville campus

Westville campus is located in and environmental conservancy in Westville, about 20 km West of Durban. It was formerly the site of the University of Durban-Westville before the 2004 merger. Westville offers a range of degrees, and will soon be the main home of the disciplines of commerce and management.
Nelson Mandela medical school

Nelson Mandela medical school campus was originally a racially segregated part of the University of Natal, created in 1950. It was one of the few tertiary institutions legally allowed to provide education to black people under apartheid. It was granted Nelson Mandela's name on its 50th anniversary in 2000. The medical school is the home of health sciences.
Edgewood campus

Edgewood campus is located in Pinetown, east of Durban. The buildings originally formed the Edgewood College of Education, which was incorporated into the University of Natal in 2001. Edgewood is the main location of the university's Faculty of Education.

Ranking

UKZN was ranked third in South Africa, and in the 401–500 range worldwide by the Academic Ranking of World Universities in 2010.

UKZN's website was ranked sixth out of university websites in South Africa (and 1,051st worldwide) in the January 2011 edition of the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities.
See also: Rankings of universities in South Africa and Rankings of business schools in South Africa
Controversies
Main article: Controversies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal

There have been a number of controversies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal since its foundation.

Firstly, there have been several staff strikes and student strikes, with some strikes from 2009 onward involving police intervention and the use of riot control measures, as well as violence on the part of some strikers.

Secondly, there have been a series of legal and disciplinary actions taken by senior university management against academics for speaking in public about the university. These actions have drawn wide criticism, both from academics and from organisations such as Cosatu and UNESCO.They were also the cause of a 2008 staff strike.

Wa Polytechnic, Ghana

The Wa Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Upper West Region of Ghana.


For More information, updates, admission, events, news on Wa Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Ghana

The Bolgatanga Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

For More information, updates, admission, events, news on Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Sunyani Polytechnic, Ghana

The Sunyani Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana.

For More information, updates, admission, events, news on Sunyani Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana

Takoradi Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution located in Sekondi-Takoradi, the capital of the Western Region. Takoradi Polytechnic was established as Government Technical Institute in 1954 and was upgraded to become part of the Tertiary Education System by Polytechnic Law (PNDCL 321 of 1992) which has since 2007 been replaced by the Polytechnics Law (Act 745)


Takoradi Polytechnic began to offer Higher National Diploma programmes in the 1992/93 academic year. Currently, the Takoradi Polytechnic has two campuses at Effia (Takoradi) and Butumagyebu (Sekondi). The Takoradi campus is the main campus and houses the Central Administration, the Schools of Applied Arts, Applied Science and Engineering while the School of Business Studies is situated at Butumagyebu (Sekondi campus).
Schools

School of Engineering

    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    Department of Building Technology
    Department of Civil Engineering
    Department of Electrical and Electronics
    Department of Furniture and Design

School of Applied Sciences

    Department of Science,
    Department of Computer Science,
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics
    Department of Hospitality Management

School of Applied Art

    Ceramics
    Graphics
    Textiles Design & Technology
    Painting
    Sculpture
    Fashion Design & Technology
    Liberal Studies

School of Business

    Accountancy Department
    Secretaryship and Management Department
    Purchasing and Supply Department
    Marketing Department
    Tourism Department

 For More information, updates, admission, events, news on Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Imo State Polytechnic

Imo State Polytechnic is a higher education institute in Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria. It was established in 1978 as the Michael Okpara College of Agriculture, Umuagwo and was upgraded to a Polytechnic status, renamed as the Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo in 2007. The institution provides courses, training and research in all branches of Agriculture, Management Sciences, Engineering and Food Sciences.[1] The institution is certified to award National Diploma and Higher National Diploma qualifications.

The Polytechnic is twenty-six kilometers from Owerri on the Port Harcourt road and has three hundred and sixty hectares of land. The Otamiri River runs past its border, making it ideal for all year round agricultural production through irrigation.

Chinwe Obaji was a lecturer at this institution before being appointed head of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education.

In 2009, the Rector, Dr. Anderson Amadioha, stated that "We have developed about 43 varieties of high yielding cassava stems for use by farmers." The college has also researched improvements to other crops, such as maize. In March 2009, the rector advised staff of Polytechnic to resist the temptation of getting involved in admission racketeering and issuance of fake receipts to unsuspecting students, affirming a zero tolerance policy


For More information, updates, admission, events, news on Imo State Polytechnic visit www.campusflava.com

Federal Polytechnic, Nekede

For More information, updates, events, news on Federal Polytechnic, Nekede visit www.campusflava.com

Ho Polytechnic, Ghana

The Ho Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Volta Region of Ghana.

For more updates, news and events on Ho Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Koforidua Polytechnic

 

Koforidua Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Eastern Region of Ghana

For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

Koforidua Polytechnic is one of the ten polytechnics established in every region in Ghana. It was founded in 1997 with the vision of producing high-level, career-focused and skilled manpower to support the country’s industrial growth. Since 1999 it has produced graduates with HND in accountancy, marketing, purchasing and supply, statistics and computer science.
Administration block

Currently the institution has 3 schools and one institution: School of Business and Management Studies, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, the School of Engineering and the Institute of Open and Distance Learning. Since its establishment the polytechnic its number of HND programs have increased from 2 to 14. 6 of the programs are offered by the School of Business and Management Studies, 6 from the School of Engineering and 4 from the School of Applied Science and Technology.
S.B.M.S block

To meet its 2010-2014 strategic plans it now offers Bachelor of Technology programs for only 2 courses-procurement and Automotive Engineering. Other courses are looking to be added. For the 2012/2013 academic year the polytechnic has a student population of 5708.
General notice board

Koforidua polytechnic has the support of a number of institutions which includes Ministry of Education and its agencies, National Council for Tertiary Education, National Accreditation Board, National Board for Professional and Technician Examinations, Ghana Education Trust Fund and the Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.


 School of Engineering

Dean: Theophilus Okore-Hanson (m.sc automotive Eng., B.Sc. Mech.eng.)
Department     Head Of Department
Electrical/Electronic Engineering     Tetteh-Kwao Gabriel Atter. (M.tech management, B.Ed.Voctech-electrical)
Civil Engineering     Mr. Eric sackey (BSc& MSc., civil Eng.)
Mr. Samuel Osae     (MSc. Const. proj. Mgt., B.Ed., voctech, const. option. FTC build. Tech.)
Energy Systems Engineering     Mr. Ebenezer Miezah Kwofie (msc.industr.eng. quality and environmental management, BSc. Chem. Eng.)
Automotive Engineering     Theophilus Okore Hanson (m.sc automotive Eng., B.Sc. Mech.eng.)
Mechanical Engineeering     Wilson Kallai (MSc agric. Machinery & bask. Mech Eng.)
Non HND Programmes

    CTC I, II & III
    EET I, II & III
    MVT I, II & III
    MET I, II, III
    Pre HND OR Access Course


School of Applied Science and Technology

Dean: Mr. Nicholas Apreh-Siaw (M. phil. Maths edu. B.Ed. maths, dip. Economics)
Department     Head of Department
Applied Mathematics     Mr. Joseph Obeng-Duodu (m.sc stats, BSc. Maths)
Computer Science     Mr. Kwaku Nuamah-Gyambrah (M.Sc. soft tech & network management, HND dip CCNA)
Hospitality     Ms. Faustina M.A Otsyina. (MSc. Hospitality, B.Ed. hospitality management)
Non HND Programmes

    Cookery 812/1 & 812/2 and food beverage services
    CISCO
    ICDL[disambiguation needed]


School of Business and Management Studies

Dean: Mr. Richmond Kwaku Frempong (MSc. Logistics, member CIPS, CISCM, APCS)
Department     Head of Department
Marketing     Dr. Frank Bamfo (Dba bus adm., Mba marketing, Ba hons dip Ed.)
Accountancy     Mr. Evans Agalega (MBA finance, CA, B.com)
Professional Studies     Mr. Samuel Boadi Hayford (M.A HRM,B.Ed.,sec/Mgt.,Dip Sec/mgt)
Liberal Studies     Mr. Ishmael Duah (m phil.eng. lang., B.A. Eng. Lang. ED., Dip. PR & Adv.)
Secretariaship and Management Studies     Mawutor Doe (CA. Gh. B.A. Admin.)
Purchasing and Supply     Dennis Kwatia Amoako (MBA logistics & SCM)
Non-HND Programmes

    DBS Accounting
    DBS Secretarial
    DBS Purchasing
    DBS Marketing
    DBS Statistics
    DBS Management
    DBS Computer Science

Cape Coast Polytechnic, Ghana

The Cape Coast Polytechnic is a public tertiary institution in the Central Region of Ghana

For More information, updates, events, news on Cape Coast Polytechnic, Ghana visit www.campusflava.com

Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Owerri

For More information, updates, events, news on Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Owerri visit www.campusflava.com

Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology, Enugu

Our Saviour Institute of Science, Agriculture and Technology (OSISATECH) is a privately owned polytechnic in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria established in 1989. It was founded by the Catholic Priest Rev. Fr. Prof. Emmanuel Edeh, who also founded secondary schools and the Madonna University, Okija Campus, Elele Campus, Enugu Campus, Anambra State, Caritas University, Amorji-Nike Enugu.[1] The institution was one of the few privately owned schools to take advantage of a 1993 decree that spelled out criteria for official recognition of private universities, polytechnics and colleges of education, during a window when the government was issuing approvals. In a ranking by the National Commission for Colleges of Education of performance in the 1999/2000 academic year of 75 federal, state and privately owned colleges, the institute was at the foot of the list. In November 2012, OSISATECH College of Education receive award for Teachers Development in Nigeria. It was given by NCCE.

In December 2009, Emmanuel Edeh was honoured with the African Film Festival And Academy Award in London

For more updates, information, admissions visit www.campusflava.com

Institute of Management Technology, Enugu

For more information, updates, admission about Institute of Management Technology, Enugu visit www.campusflava.com

Learn How to Make Soda Can Targets

Weapon accuracy is important, but normal targets can be boring. Read on to learn how to make targets that are awesome fun to practise on for cheap. The best of all is that these targets can even "bleed".

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   Bend the tab on the soda can so that it faces up. This gives you something to tie the fishing line around so you can hang the cans.
   
   
2. 2
   Tie fishing line from the tab to another object for it to hang. If you can't find a place to hang the can, try setting it on the edge of a fence.
   
   
3. 3
   Fill the can with liquid. This can be water or fake blood.
   
   
4. 4
   Finished.
   
   

 Tips

• You could purchase posts for hanging flowers to hang these from.
• Be careful with faux blood, as it may stain clothes.
• Tie multiple knots so the can doesn't fall while pouring.

Warnings

• The edges of the torn can can cut you.

Things You'll Need

• Soda cans
• Fishing line (optional)
• Water or fake blood

For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com 

Learn How to Make Sparklers

Children and adults of all ages love sparklers, in this simple guide we'll go over how to make them!

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   Pour all the dry ingredients into a large container. Mix in dextrin solution until you get a moist, sloppy solution. If you’d like a green color add in 4 tbsp barium nitrate.
2. 2
   Dip iron wires into your mixture. You’ll need to leave a few inches of space at the bottom clean so you have room to safely hold the sparkler !
3. 3
   Put the sparklers in a dry place away from heat or open flames. They need to spend some time drying and hardening to the wire.
4. 4
   Once dry, simply light the top end of the sparkler and let the sparks fly! Remember to always safely handle fireworks and check local firework laws before making or using fireworks.

Learn How to Make Spoons and Forks Holder

Fantastic kitchen pantry ideas for home décor! Not only does DIY spoon holder put your messy tableware in order, but also makes your kitchen look pretty beautiful and clean. If you love cleaning your house clearly, then what are you waiting for?

Following a creative spoon holder is recommended for you! The kitchen pantry ideas come from the forming of pocket. A wooden board is added at the bottom for aesthetic appeal as well as convenient access to the tableware when you need them. If you want one, a few steps can be made it ready for yours.

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   
   Stapler the bottom of the board. I choose a good-quality wooden board with a loop as the main support of spoon holder. Cut a rectangle out of fabric by trace around the board with 1cm at each side for stapling. Lay the redundant 1cm onto the bottom of the board; staple along the edge of the fabric onto the board with a large stapler.
2. 2
   
   Trim the edges. Up bring the whole fabric to cover the board. Fold the edges of two sides inward; staple the folded fabric to make a pocket. Decorate the fabric with lace by gluing it on both two sides with hot melt gun; lace could also conceal the staples as well.
3. 3
   
   Then a fabric spoon holder comes into being. You can make more spoon holders hanging in your kitchen if necessary. A good classification could be also arranged.

Things You'll Need

• Wooden board
• Cotton fabric
• Lace
• Scissors
• Large stapler
• Hot melt gun
• Glue stick

Learn How to Make Your Own Bumper Sticker

Do you have a good idea for a bumper sticker, but can't seem to find one? Make your own!

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

Have Someone Else Make It

1. 1
   Go to a website that makes custom bumper stickers. A few are listed below:
   • http://printdistribute.com
   • http://www.makestickers.com/
   • http://www.zazzle.com/custom/bumperstickers
   • http://www.buildasign.com/Bumper-Stickers
   • http://www.vistaprint.com/bumper-stickers.aspx?&GP=12%2f8%2f2012+11%3a38%3a21+AM&GPS=2662772592&GNF=0
   • http://www.cafepress.com/make/custom-stickers
2. 2
   Click on the sticker you want.
3. 3
   Add text and images.
4. 4
   Feel free to play around with the fonts until you find one you like.
5. 5
   Check the pricing. You may want to shop around.
6. 6
   Once you have found a website you like and have completed your design, buy it!
7. 7
   When you receive it, proudly put it on your car!

Make Your Own Sticker

1. 1
   Purchase a plain white bumper sticker. You can find them on the websites above or in some craft stores.
2. 2
   Get some colored sharpies or other permanent markers.
3. 3
   Write! Use many colors.
4. 4
   If you are good at drawing, then draw a picture.
5. 5
   If not, find some images and attach them. If they are off the internet, make sure they are licensed for public use.
6. 6
   Cover it a waterproof covering.
7. 7
   Stick it to your car!

 Warnings

• Try going for bumper magnets. If you decide you don't want it anymore, then you can easily take it off.

Learn How to Make Your Own Stuffed Cat Toy

make your own stuffed cat toys that your feline friend will go crazy over! just follow these simple steps and you will have made your own toy!

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   First, get some felt or an old t-shirt and make a simple design. Make sure you leave enough room to sew around the edges.
2. 2
   Next, get a pair of scissors and cut out your design. Place your cut out design on to another piece of felt/t-shirt and draw around it. Then cut it out.
3. 3
   Pin your pieces of fabric together and start sewing around the edges, leaving a 1/2 an inch gap to put your stuffing in.
4. 4
   For your stuffing, use cotton wool or cut up pieces of you left over felt/t-shirt and sew the rest of the fabric up. Now you have your stuffed cat toy!

Tips

• You can add catnip if you want

Warnings

• Never leave your needles where a small child or pet can get them, as they are small and sharp.

 Things You'll Need

• Needle
• Thread
• Pins
• Felt/old t-shirt
• Scissors
• Fabric/felt tip pen
• Catnip(optional)

Learn How to Make a Bane Mask

Bane is one of the most intimidating villains in recent superhero movie history. If you want to create your own Bane costume for Halloween or another event, you will need a Bane mask of your very own. Commercially available masks can be pricey, so if you're on a budget, you might be better of making the mask. Here's what you need to do to get the job done.

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

Steps

Part One: Creating the Mouthpiece

1. 1
   Find a respirator mask that fits your mouth. A professional respirator mask with filters on the side and a mouthpiece over the front is preferred.
   • Respirator masks can be found at most hardware stores. Make sure that any professional grade mask you buy has removable side filters.
   • If you cannot find a full respirator mask or if your budget does not permit it, you could buy a simple dust mask (also called a particle respirator) instead. These masks do not have mouthpieces or filters and are simple white masks that fit over your mouth. If possible, look for one that comes with a thick strap instead of one that uses elastic string.
   • You could also use a half airsoft mask that only covers your mouth, or a full airsoft mask with the goggle portion removed. These can usually be found at most sports equipment stores and can be a little cheaper, on average, than professional respirator masks are.
2. 2
   Remove any unnecessary pieces. Twist or unscrew the filters on the side of your respirator mask. The mouthpiece of the mask can stay if it is fairly flat, but if it bulges out more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) or so, it should be removed, as well.
   • If using a full airsoft mask, remove the goggle portion and cut away any plastic that sits above the goggle glass. Use a sharp knife or saw to remove this plastic and sand it down with an electric sander to avoid injuring yourself on the sharp edges.
3. 3
   Cut a hole into the mask, if necessary. If using a professional respirator mask or airsoft mask, there should be a hole where the mouthpiece is or was located, so you do not need to cut one. If using a dust mask, however, you will need to cut a small hole with a diameter of 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) directly above the point at which your mouth will be.
   • To get a better idea of where the mouthpiece needs to be, place the dust mask on your face and use a pencil to mark where your mouth is on the mask. Remove the mask and cut the circle out using scissors or a utility knife.
4. 4
   Attach thin tubing above the mouth area. Cut four 3.5-inch (8.89-cm) pieces of 1/2 inch (1.27-cm) tubing. Use hot glue to attach these four pieces at even intervals along the top of the mouthpiece section. The other end of each piece of tubing should be glued down to the top part of the nose piece on your mask.
   • If you do not have a mouthpiece on your mask, put the mask on your face and lightly mark, with pencil, a line where your upper lip is. Arrange the pieces of tubing along this line at even intervals.
   • Thin tubing like this can usually be found in a hardware store.
   • For an easier, cheaper alternative, you could use bendy straws instead of tubing. Cut, bend, and shape the straws before gluing them down.
5. 5
   Attach thin tubing below the mouth area. Cut another four 3.5-inch (8.89-cm) pieces of 1/2 inch (1.27-cm) tubing. Use hot glue to attach these four pieces at even intervals along the bottom of the mouthpiece section. The other end of each piece of tubing should be glued down to the chin portion your mask.
   • If you do not have a mouthpiece on your mask, put the mask on your face and lightly mark, with pencil, a line where your lower lip is. Arrange the pieces of tubing along this line at even intervals.
   • As with before, you could use bendy straws as an alternative to tubing.
6. 6
   Attach thin tubing over the cheeks. Cut two 4.5-inch (11.43-cm) pieces of 1/2 inch (1.27-cm) tubing and two 7.5-inch (19-cm) pieces of 1/2 inch (1.27-cm) tubing.
   • Hot glue the smaller pieces directly next to the end pieces of tubing above the mouth. The lower end of these two new pieces of tubing should be hot glued to the sides of the mouthpiece.
   • If your mask does not have a mouthpiece, then glue the other end to the midpoint in between your top and bottom mouth tubing rows.
   • Hot glue the larger pieces next to the pieces you just glued on at the top end. Glue the bottom end of these final pieces of tubing next to the bottom end of the lower mouth tubing row.
   • As with before, you could use bendy straws as an alternative to tubing.
   • Let everything dry before pressing on with the next part of the project.

Part Two: Adding the Headpiece

1. 1
   Cover the side straps of your mask with pleather. Cut a strip of pleather or other tough black cloth that is twice as wide as the width of your straps and just as long. Use hot glue or fabric glue to cover the straps with this material, hiding the seam or ends of the material on the inside of the strap.
   • If you do not have wide straps on your mask and only have thin elastic cord, go out and buy a band of 2-inch (5-cm) thick black elastic. Cut this piece of elastic to match the length of your elastic cord and glue it to the mask over the cord. Keep the edges of this band on the inside of the mask to hide them.
2. 2
   Measure the top of your head. Use a soft tape measure to measure the distance from the tip of your nose to the base of your skull. Also measure the width of the bridge of your nose at both the top and bottom.
   • For a more accurate fit, place the mouthpiece portion of your mask on before proceeding. Measure from the top of this mouthpiece, over your face and head, and down to the point at which the strap meets in the back of your head.
3. 3
   Cut a piece of flexible foam to match the measurement. Look for black soft foam that is no thicker than 1/2 inch (1.27 cm). Use fabric scissors to cut out a strip of foam that matches the measurement of the top of your head, plus 1 inch (2.5 cm) as a seam or glue allowance.
   • The foam should be as thick as the widest part of your nose.
   • On one end of the foam, make sure that the foam is narrowed out where the upper bridge of your nose would be. If necessary, place the foam over your head temporarily and mark the area you will need to trim down to size.
4. 4
   Cut a matching piece of pleather. Lay your foam over another piece of black pleather and trace the shape onto the other material. Use fabric scissors to cut the shape out of the pleather.
   • If you do not have pleather, choose another durable, tough black fabric.
5. 5
   Attach the pleather to the foam. Apply thin lines of hot glue to the back of the pleather and press the foam in place onto the glue. Make sure that the edges line up as evenly as possible.
   • You could also use fabric glue or jeweler's glue if you do not have a hot glue gun handy.
6. 6
   Attach the foam to your mouthpiece. The narrowed part of your headpiece needs to be hot glued just above the top part of your mask nose piece. The evenly wide section should be glued onto one end of the fabric-covered strap in the back. Make sure that the strap goes across the front, top, and back of your head in a straight line.
   • Glue the edges of the foam headpiece to the inside of your mouthpiece, hiding them from sight.

Part Three: Finishing Details

1. 1
   Place thin tubing alone the sides of your top headpiece. Cut two pieces of 1/2 inch (1.27-cm) tubing that match the measurement you took of the top of your head. These pieces should be the same length as the strip of fabric that covers the front, top, and back of your head.
   • Note that these pieces of tubing are a bit too long to use plastic bendy straws for. If you cannot find tubing or do not want to mess with it, you could either skip this step or use pipe cleaners covered in pleather in place of the tubing.
   • Hot glue these pieces of tubing along the edges of the top headpiece, one tube to each edge.
2. 2
   Glue small bolts near the headpiece tubing. Take small bolts and glue them in pairs along the top headpiece. Each bolt should be to the inside of the tubing along the edge of your headpiece.
   • You should have five to eight pairs of bolts, or 10 to 16 individual bolts, in total.
   • Space the pairs apart at even intervals.
   • If you do not have bolts, you can use belt studs or similar metallic objects, instead.
3. 3
   Spray paint your mask black. Bane's mouthpiece is an intimidating black. Use spray paint that is labeled to work on a variety of materials (metal, plastic, fabric) and spray the entire mask black.
   • Let dry for several hours in a warm spot with low humidity.
   • Since the headpiece is already covered in black pleather, strictly speaking, it does not need to be painted. If you want to use as little paint as possible, cover these areas with painter's tape as you spray the mask and remove the tape after the paint has dried.
4. 4
   Paint the mouth tubing silver, if desired. For a slightly more authentic look, you can use silver metallic paint and a paintbrush to paint the tubing silver. This is not strictly necessary but can add dimension to the final mask.
   • Make sure that the paint is labeled for use with plastic.
   • Let the paint dry.
5. 5
   Try the mask on. Your Bane mask should now be complete. Try it on and see how it looks.
   • If you need to make any adjustments, you should still be able to do so.

Things You'll Need

• Respirator mask or airsoft mask
• Screwdriver
• Sharp knife or saw
• Scissors or utility knife
• 1/2-inch (1.27-cm) diameter tubing
• Hot glue gun and glue sticks
• Thin, flexible foam
• Black pleather
• 2-inch (5-cm) elastic band (optional)
• 10 to 16 small bolts
• Black spray paint
• Silver craft paint
• Paintbrush

Learn How to Make a Book Jacket for a Book Report

This article will teach you how to make a book jacket

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

Steps

1. 1
   Have a talk with your child
   • Tell him/her that that he will be making a book jacket
   • Explain to your child the process below
     
     
     
2. 2
   Cover the cereal box with white paper
   • Other colors work too but white works best
3. 3
   On the front of the box write the title of the book and the author's and or illustrator's name.
   
   
   
4. 4
   On the back of the box write a summary of the book and a short recap of the book.
   • Should be a paragraph or two.
   • You can include a picture too!
   Things You'll Need

• Crayons, markers and/or paints
• A pencil
• White paper
• An empty cereal box

Learn How to Make a Borax Crystal Snowflake

The Borax Crystal Snowflake can be used as a winter decoration.

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   

   Cut the pipe cleaner into 3 equal sections.
   Cut the pipe cleaner into 3 equal sections
2. 2
   

   Twist the sections together at the center to make it a six-sided snowflake.
   Twist the sections together at the center to make it a six-sided snowflake. You can also twist the pipe cleaner into any shape you want, the crystals will still grow on them.
3. 3
   

   Tie a string to the snowflake and the pencil.
   Tie a string to the snowflake and the pencil. ( The snowflake will be hanging down from the pencil)
4. 4
   

   Add boiling water to a jar big enough that when you insert the snowflake it will not touch the jar's sides.
   Add boiling water to a jar big enough that when you insert the snowflake it will not touch the jar's sides.
5. 5
   

   Add tablespoons of Borax soap to the boiled water.
   Add tablespoons of Borax soap to the boiled water. (3 spoons = 1 cup of water)
6. 6
   

   Insert the pipe cleaner snowflake in the jar.
   Insert the pipe cleaner snowflake in the jar.
7. 7
   

   Let the snowflake sit overnight and by morning it will be a crystal snowflake.
   Let the snowflake sit overnight and by morning it will be a crystal snowflake.Things You'll Need

• Pipe Cleaner
• Pencil
• String
• Scissors
• Borax Soap
• Jar
• Boiling Water

Learn How to Make a Bow Hair Clip

Many of us want to get one of the cute bow hair clips that are so on trend. But sometimes it's hard to get one that is good quality or in the material or pattern that you want. For this you will need a hot glue gun, some old material in the pattern that you want your bow hair clip to be in and some sharp scissors. Enjoy!

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   Start by cutting out a rectangle of material.
2. 2
   Lay out the material so the long side is on top.
3. 3
   Pinch the middle so it looks like a bow. Cut out a very small rectangle to glue over the pinch in the middle.
4. 4
   Make sure your hot glue gun is well heated. Glue one side of the small rectangle and wrap it around the pinch in the middle. Fix it as much as you wish.
5. 5
   Get an old hair clip (not a grip) and slide it through the back. Place it in your hair wherever you want and let the compliments roll in!

Learn How to Make a Bow Pencil Case

It's back to school time! In other words, the fun time where you flaunt the things in front of your friends which you made in summer break! So, let's make a DIY no-sew fabric bow pencil case!

N.B For more information and updates visit www.campusflava.com

 Steps

1. 1
   Grab your big fabric piece and fold it in half.
   
   
   
2. 2
   Trim the side edges
   
   
   
3. 3
   Trim the top portion. This side should also be as neat as a pin!
   
   
   
4. 4
   Stick the two edges together with super glue or hot glue (preferably hot glue).
   
   
   
5. 5
   Place the fabric strip in the center so that there is enough extra fabric on the side with the opening to tie a bow, and the other end sticks off of the other side.
   
6. 6
   Stick down with glue.
   
   
   
7. 7
   Stow your stationary and supplies in the case.
   
   
   
8. 8
   Flip it over.
   
   
   
9. 9
   Tie a knot.
   
   
   
10. 10
    You're done with your DIY fabric bow pencil case!
    
    
    
    Warnings

• Be careful not to burn yourself on a hot glue gun.

Things You'll Need

• A large rectangular fabric piece (need not have perfect edges)
• Hot glue/ super glue (hot glue is preferred)
• A strip of another fabric (preferably a color contrasting to the large fabric.) It should be the length of the width of your large piece of fabric, plus enough extra material for you to tie a knot.